Uncertainty may be taken to characterize in­ ferences, their conclusions, their premises or all three. Under some treatments of uncer­ tainty, the inference itself is never character­ ized by uncertainty. We explore both the sig­ nificance of uncertainty in the premises and in the conclusion of an argument that in­ volves uncertainty. We argue that for un­ certainty to characterize the conclusi...

It is shown that the intuitionistic theory of polynomial induction on positive Π1 (coNP) formulas does not prove the sentence ¬¬∀x, y∃z ≤ y(x ≤ |y| → x = |z|). This implies the unprovability of the scheme ¬¬PIND(Σ 1 ) in the mentioned theory. However, this theory contains the sentence ∀x, y¬¬∃z ≤ y(x ≤ |y| → x = |z|). The above independence result is proved by constructing an ω-chain of submode...

In the publication Growth Platforms for a Competitive Australia, McKinsey & Co. (1995) compared Australia’s relative economic prosperity with those of leading countries such as the United States. The report highlighted that Australia’s GDP per capita is 30 percent behind the best performing country, the United States. Most of this gap is due to lower labour productivity. The report was based on...

This paper provides our first forensic quartz grain surface texture analysis of soils from the southern hemisphere. Sediment and soil samples were collected from a simulated crime reconstruction in the environs of Canberra, Australia, which comprised a murder site, an alibi site and a body deposition site. Following the successful application of quartz grain surface texture analysis from many c...

WEST NILE VIRUS NS3 PROTEASE: INSIGHTS INTO SUBSTRATE BINDING AND PROCESSING THROUGH COMBINED MODELLING, PROTEASE MUTAGENESIS AND KINETIC STUDIES. Keith J. Chappell#, Martin J. Stoermer#, David P. Fairlie, and Paul R. Young From the School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences and Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queen...

Most attempts to train part-of-speech taggers on a mixture of labeled and unlabeled data have failed. In this work stacked learning is used to reduce tagging to a classification task. This simplifies semisupervised training considerably. Our prefered semi-supervised method combines tri-training (Li and Zhou, 2005) and disagreement-based co-training. On the Wall Street Journal, we obtain an erro...

This article presents a system for solving location problems, which is integrated with a WebGIS system accessed via a Web browser and Internet connection. This system is meant to generate the matrix of real distances between clients and facilities. The Optimizer System is applied to the problem of locating collection zones and transmission (facilities), faced by the Brazilian electoral system i...

this study was designed to examine the effects of retinoic acid adding to cumulus and/or fibroblast cellsmonolayer on the development of mouse early embryos. one-cell mouse embryos were obtained from nmrimice after superovulation by an intraperitoneal injection of 5 iu equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ecg)followed 48 hrs later by 5 iu human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg). mouse embryonic fibrobla...

The conversion of latent transforming growth factor beta (LTGF-beta) to the active species, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), has been characterized in heterotypic cultures of bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells and bovine smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The formation of TGF-beta in co-cultures of BAE cells and SMCs was documented by a specific radioreceptor competition assay, while med...

the aggregation behavior of anionic cobalt(ii) 4,4′,4ʺ,4‴-tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine, [co(tspc)4-] was studied at its various concentrations and different ionic strengths using optical absorption and resonance light scattering (rls) spectroscopies in 5 mm phosphate buffer, ph 7.0 at 25 °c. the results show no aggregation behavior at concentration range of 5.1 × 10-6-7.5 × 10-5 m. also, the ...