In 2004, a new attack against SHA-1 has been proposed by a team leaded by Wang [15]. The aim of this article is to sophisticate and improve Wang’s attack by using algebraic techniques. We introduce new notions, namely semi-neutral bit and adjuster and propose then an improved message modification technique based on algebraic techniques. In the case of the 58-round SHA-1, the experimental comple...

THE reduction of methylene blue by lactic acid, or in other words, the dehydrogenation of lactic acid in the presence of extracts from animal tissues, is now known to be catalysed by a system composed of two enzymes (lactic dehydrogenase and diaphorase flavoprotein) and cozymase [Dewan & Green, 1938; Euler & Hellstrom, 1938]. The chemical reactions involved in this process may be written [Corra...

102 10 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 printers who were diligent in communicating with one another, the materials and processes involved in UV curing have become much better understood. This article will try to explain some of the mysteries and myths of UV curing typically confronted by printers who are new to the technology. These mysteries and myths are...

In this article, the authors describe the use of curriculumbased measurement as a research-validated practice for monitoring student academic achievement and ultimately for improving students’ educational outcomes. The authors describe oral-reading fluency and maze fluency as assessment tools for monitoring student progress, evaluating instructional effectiveness, and aiding teachers with instr...

amount of total expenditures is reduced to an amount per inhabitant. Interyear and interstate variations in the total outlay for assistance payments depend upon differences between years and among States in the average monthly assistance payments per recipient, the proportion of the population aided (recipient rates), and the size of the total population. In analyzing variations in assistance e...

Mental workload (MWL) is one of the most widely used concepts in ergonomics and human factors and represents a topic of increasing importance. Since modern technology in many working environments imposes ever more cognitive demands upon operators while physical demands diminish, understanding how MWL impinges on performance is increasingly critical. Yet, MWL is also one of the most nebulous con...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and radiological features of paragonimiasis in children and raise the awareness of this disease. METHODS A total of 58 paragonimiasis patients were reviewed. They were 42 boys and 16 girls aged 2.0 to 15.3 years. FINDINGS Among these patients, 20 were diagnosed in the recent 5 years, 46 with a history of raw water or food ingestion. Except 2 patients withou...

Volume 90, Number 10 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 727 A 58-year-old man presented to the family medicine clinic with several months of weight loss and difficulty swallowing. He reported that solid foods were “getting stuck” in his throat. He had no relevant medical history, and physical examination findings were normal. Contrast esophagography was performed as an outpatient (Figur...

Dioscin is a biologically active steroidal saponin with anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatographic method with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the quantification of dioscin in rat plasma. Dioscin was extracted from rat plasma using ethyl acetate at acidic pH. The analytes were separated on a Halo C18 colum...

The working papers published in the Series constitute work in progress circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Views expressed represent exclusively the authors' own opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors.