Five anthropogenic drivers--land use change, wood extraction, hunting, atmospheric change, climate change--will largely determine the future of tropical forests. The geographic scope and intensity of these five drivers are in flux. Contemporary land use change includes deforestation (approximately 64,000 km(2) yr(-1) for the entire tropical forest biome) and natural forests regenerating on aban...

Agricultural crops take up water, but not salt, and evaporation from irrigated land does likewise. The result is increasing salt levels in soils. Just as cities cannot ignore urban wastewater collection and treatment, irrigating farmers and irrigation districts cannot ignore what to do with the salt in agricultural drainage water. Although salt management techniques can seem straightforward, th...

Most angiosperms — and all major crops — are unable to withstand high concentrations of sodium chloride. Soils containing concentrations of salt amounting to a few hundred millimolar occur naturally, of course, and saline land is estimated to represent between 2.3 and 6.4% of global land surface [1]. As much as 13% of cultivated land is thought to be salt-affected. In some instances, however, a...

Exotic annual grasses are a major challenge to successful restoration in temperate and Mediterranean climates. Experiments to restore abandoned agricultural fields from exotic grassland to coastal sage scrub habitat were conducted over two years in southern California, U.S.A. Grass control methods were tested in 5 m2 plots using soil and vegetation treatments seeded with a mix of natives. The t...

Aim Land-use history can be an important determinant of ecosystem characteristics, even in landscapes that outwardly appear natural . In New England, like much of the eastern United States, the natural reforestation of agricultural lands over the past 150 years has created a predominantly forested landscape. Understanding the physiographical and historical factors controlling forest structure a...

L and-use change in the United States represents an enormous uncontrolled experiment in the ways habitat changes influence plants and animals. When cities were built, land was plowed, or forests were cut, the effects on our native biota were not considered. Of course, humans have influenced the flora and fauna of North America over the ages. Native Americans established settlements, practiced a...

Land requirements of wind power (WP) are often seen as a constraint to future broad-scale deployment. The aim the study is evaluate eligibility abandoned agricultural land (AAL) areas, covered with woody plants, for development energy (WE) in Lithuania. Agricultural abandonment (ALA) has numerous negative aspects and its use WE must be profitable choice landowner, developers also. A newly devel...

Areas of agricultural land in Lithuania have decreased from 2005 to 2021 by up 2.4%. Agricultural lands that are no longer used for their main purpose very likely become abandoned and the emergence such can cause a variety social, economic, environmental problems. Therefore, it is important constantly monitor changes lands. The research analyse influence seasonality on image segmentation identi...