The functional demand imposed on bone promotes changes in the spatial properties of osteocytes as well as in their extensions uniformly distributed throughout the mineralized surface. Once spatial deformation is established, osteocytes create the need for structural adaptations that result in bone formation and resorption that happen to meet the functional demands. The endosteum and the periost...

Detailed practical and numerical information is provided for undertaking and evaluating absolute-structure and absolute-con®guration determinations. The interpretation of numerical values of x, the Flack [Acta Cryst. (1983), A39, 876± 881] parameter, and its standard uncertainty u are explained in terms of the inversion-distinguishing power. Moreover, the conditions to obtain reliable values of...

Let G be a finite p-group and let Aut_l(G) be the group of absolute central automorphisms of G. In this paper we give necessary and sufficient condition on G such that each absolute central automorphism of G fixes the centre element-wise. Also we classify all groups of orders p^3 and p^4 whose absolute central automorphisms fix the centre element-wise.