BACKGROUND Recent findings showed that elite Ironman triathletes competing in 'Ironman Hawaii' improved both split and overall race times. The present study investigated whether elite athletes also improved in transition time (i.e. time needed between disciplines for changing clothes and equipment). METHODS Changes in split times, overall race times and transition times (i.e. expressed in abs...

BACKGROUND Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels are associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in some but not all studies. Limitations of previous studies include lack of risk estimates for extreme lipoprotein(a) levels, measurements in long-term frozen samples, no correction for regression dilution bias, and lack of absolute risk estimates in the general population. We tested the hypothesis that ex...

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most common complication during hemodialysis and is associated with significant morbidity. It occurs as a consequence of a reduction in blood volume during ultrafiltration. Today, devices for monitoring relative blood volume (i.e. the intradialytic blood volume as a fraction of the blood volume at the start of the dialysis treatment) are routinely availabl...

Aim. The aim was to assess effectiveness of treatment in day-care and inpatient wards within the Wrocław branch of the international multicenter EU-funded EDEN study. Material and methods. The authors analyzed the number of rehospitalisations after discharge from index hospitalisation as well as psychopathologic symptoms and subjective quality of life. Out of 1089 patients admitted to the menta...

One of the central difficulties of coevolutionary methods arises from ‘intransitive superiority’ – in a two-player game, for example, the fact that A beats B, and B beats C, does not exclude the possibility that C beats A. Such cyclic superiority in a coevolutionary substrate is hypothesized to cause cycles in the dynamics of the population such that it ‘chases its own tail’ traveling through s...