The purpose of this essay is to argue in favour of the idea that we should consider ‘transnational law’ as a legitimate part of legal education, including not only state but also non-state forms of normativity. The paper is structured as follows. First, I suggest that in the face of the existing conceptual controversy around the concept of ‘transnational law’ we should adopt a pragmatic perspec...

scientific progress and development is one of the significant issues and hot debates of the iranian government. there are some researches and seminars carried out and held regarding influential factors of scientific progress. unfortunately there is no proper place for legal and institutional factors but exceptionally and partially (intellectual property rights factor). my idea is that scientifi...

teaching whether it is the type,method,subject or the content, is depended on the textbook to a very great extent and it is one of the most important elements of the learning procedures, and a flowing and updated interpretation for what is called the academic context for the method, and therefore the type and the quality of the textbook is from the issues that concerns those who care about the ...

this essay evaluates the major methodological trends in research at the iranian academic educational journals based on scott’s methodological criticism. therefore, the present study sought to examine a small part of iranian educational research in the context of scott's taxonomy, including nine major fallacies: epistemic, homogeneity, causal, essentialist, value free knowledge, prospective, red...

drawing largely on aidoo’s (1970) play, anowa, as well as lived experiences, i argue on the philosophical flaws of ashcroft’s (2009) claim that there is no inherent link between language and culture. this essay subsequently explores the implication of my argument on some transformational domains of english in particular though it has obvious applicability to the role of colonial languages in ge...

From 2010 to 2020, there is a recorded increase in graduate program enrollment the United States (Zhou & Gao, 2021). The latest annual survey of from Council Graduate Schools documented an 20.4% among Latinx students, 16.7% Asian 16% Black/African American 8.8% Indian/Alaska Native and 1.7% Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders students According that survey, traditionally underrepresented groups i...

INTRODUCTION Social and behavioral research is a complex activity that takes place in an ambiguous environment. This environment is more ambiguous than most researchers are aware, and it is changing more rapidly than most researchers realize. In fact, focused on their own activities and struggling with the very unclear messages from their environments, most researchers have very limited perspec...

Contemporary China offers a particularly interesting setting to study religious diversity as a result of its unique socio-political context. Based on the quantitative and qualitative evidence in a representative sample of Chinese dissertations, this essay identifies two characteristics associated with the usage of ‘religious diversity’ in contemporary Chinese scholarship: firstly, the focal poi...