Widespread participation of retail electricity consumers in short-term wholesale electricity markets throughout the United States is rapidly becoming technologically feasible. A number of jurisdictions are installing or have installed interval meters for a large fraction or all of their retail customers. With this technology in place, the only remaining barrier is whether state regulators will ...

The retail price a household pays for the last unit of grid-supplied electricity consumed is an important driver of the decision to install a rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system. This price is the cost a household avoids by consuming a kilowatt-hour (KWh) from their rooftop solar system. Consequently, if the levelized cost of a KWh from a rooftop solar system is less than this retail price, ...

This paper investigates the popular card game UNO R © from the viewpoint of algorithmic combinatorial game theory. We define simple and concise mathematical models for the game, including both cooperative and uncooperative versions, and analyze their computational complexity. In particular, we prove that even a single-player version of UNO is NP-complete, although some restricted cases are in P...

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dendritic cells (dcs) are antigen presenting cells with unique capability to take up and process antigens in the peripheral blood and tissues. they subsequently migrate to draining lymph nodes where they present these antigens and stimulate naive t lympho-cytes. during their life cycle, dcs go through two maturation stages and are referred to as immature and mature cells, respectively. while im...