Rapid acceleration and deceleration are vital for survival in many predator and prey animals and are important attributes of animal and human athletes. Adaptations for acceleration and deceleration are therefore likely to experience strong selective pressures--both natural and artificial. Here, we explore the mechanical and physiological constraints to acceleration. We examined two elite athlet...

A mechanism for turbulent acceleration of parallel rotation is discovered using gyrokinetic theory. This new turbulent acceleration term cannot be written as a divergence of parallel Reynolds stress. Therefore, turbulent acceleration acts as a local source or sink of parallel rotation. The physics of turbulent acceleration is intrinsically different from the Reynolds stress. For symmetry breaki...

Observations of minute-scale flares in TeV Blazars place constraints on particle acceleration mechanisms in those objects. The implications for a variety of radiation mechanisms have been addressed in the literature; in this paper we compare four different acceleration mechanisms: diffusive shock acceleration, second-order Fermi, shear acceleration and the converter mechanism. When the accelera...

by application of design spectra in seismic analyses, determination of design spectra for different site conditions, magnitudes, safety levels and damping ratios will improve the accuracy of seismic analysis results. the result of this research provides different design acceleration spectra based on iran earthquakes database for different conditions. for this purpose first a set of 146 records ...