In this study, we introduce a new two-way relay channel and obtain an inner bound and an outer bound for the discrete and memoryless multiple access relay channels with receiver-source feedback via two-way relay channel in which end nodes exchange signals by a relay node. And we extend these results to the Gaussian case. By numerical computing, we show that our inner bound is the same with o...

A research can also reveal the cooperative effectiveness of agencies such as evaluation will lead to discover the weakness and strengths for further improvement of this program. The present study was designed in 2009 especially to see the effectiveness of the working of agricultural extension staff as perceived by farmers in district Okara-Pakistan. The data were collected with the help of a sp...

The overwhelming growth in communication technology and usage of public domain channels (i.e. Internet) has greatly facilitated transfer of data. However, such open communication channels have greater vulnerability to security threats causing unauthorized information access. Steganography is the art of hiding and transmitting data through apparently innocuous carriers such as text, image, audio...

The advances in computer and communication technologies made possible an ubiquitous computing environment were clients equipped with portable devices can send and receive data anytime and from anyplace. Due to the asymmetry in communication and the scarceness of wireless resources, data broadcast is widely employed as an effective means in delivering data to the mobile clients. For reasons like...

Communication of information between two or more parties takes place over a variety of physical media called channels. Such channels can be simple twisted pair cables, coaxial and optical cables, or the free space. Sometimes the channel is dedicated to a specific transmitter-receiver pair. This may be the case when two parties establish a telephone conversation over a dedicated cable. Channels ...

Introduction: Internet of Things devices are actively used within the framework Massive Machine-Type Communication scenarios. The interaction is carried out by random multiple-access algorithms with limited throughput. To improve throughput one can use orthogonal preambles in ALOHA-type class algorithms. Purpose: analyze ALOHA-based using exploration phase and to calculate characteristics for a...

A highly collision-resistive RFID system multiplexes communications between thousands of tags and a single reader in combination with time-domain multiplexing code division multiple access (TDCDMA), CRC error detection, and re-transmission for error recovery. The collision probability due to a random selection of CDMA codes and TDMA channels bounds the number of IDs successfully transmitted to ...