Numerous evaluation studies have reported large accident reductions when road accident blackspots are treated. A critical examination of these studies reveals that many of them do not account for the effects of well known confounding factors, like the regression-to-the-mean effect that is likely to occur at road accident blackspots. This paper shows that the more confounding factors evaluation ...

Log-linear modeling is advanced as a procedure to identify factors that underlie the relative frequency of occurrence of various accident characteristics, such as accident type, location, and severity. The method is centered on the estimation of saturated log-linear models for pairs of accident variables and determination of indices of association between categories of the variables. Using data...

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) will revolutionize mobility in the future. However, accidents still happen and it affect practices of today’s tort laws. This work discusses all those aspects which should be considered order to find out who is liable, i.e., an operator, owner, manufacturer, government entity, software provider, network original equipment manufacturer (OEM), etc., as traditional rules ...

Risk analysis has become as controversial as the new technologies it seeks t o assess. It grew, particularly in the 1970s, to provide scientific expertise required by government officials, companies, and the public, faced with having to make decisions concerning the use bf new techniques, new energy sources, and new types of installations. These promise many benefits while also being potentiall...

the extent of “benefits”, as the subject of khums, is one of the controversial discourses among the imāmī jurists, which is of great importance because of its applicability. the “acquired benefits” and “benefits in general” are the two significant views in the discourses concerning khums. in this research, the evidences for any of these two views are critically reviewed. for the first view, two...