the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of focus of attention on learning dart throwing in mentally retarded children.in this quasi-experimental study, 22 mentally retarded boys (age 10-12 years old) were randomly selected according to iq (50-70) and were assigned to two homogenous attention (internal, external) groups after the pretest and a training session according to the obtain...

Intra-individual variability may affect discus throwing performance. Previous studies assumed the movement patterns of skilled discus throwers were relatively invariant [1]. Research in other sports has shown less variability in skilled athletes compared to unskilled athletes, while some studies suggested a potential increase in functional variability in elite athletes [2]. The relationships be...

In order to improve the solution unachieved uniformity of straw throwing, qualified rate coverage and uneven throwing in sowing wheat without a tillage process after rice harvest, change this unsatisfied quality mulch, set automatic control systems for covering was designed innovatively. An STM32 microcontroller used as main unit, torque-acquisition system collect torque cutter roller shaft rea...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper was to examine differences in ball release speed and throwing kinematics between male and female team-handball players in a standing throw with run-up. Other research has shown that this throwing type produces the highest ball release speeds and comparing groups with differences in ball release speed can suggest where this difference might come from. If thro...

The overhead throwing motion is a coordinated effort of muscle units from the entire body, culminating with explosive motion of the upper extremity. The throwing motion occurs at a rapid pace, making analysis difficult in real time. Electromyographic studies and high-speed video recordings have provided invaluable details regarding the involved musculature, the sequence of muscle involvement, a...

The first thing we could see about throwing sticks1 is their curved shapes. Though, even if their curved shape stabilise their flight by lowering their center of gravity, this seeming parameter isn't the only one to govern their trajectory. Others parameters, like their airfoil cross section, blade wideness, thickness, surface, and mass are also decisive. One another parameter less studied in d...

In a review of 46 meta-analyses of gender differences, overhand throwing had the largest gender difference favoring boys (ES > 3.0). Expectations for gender-specific performances may be less pronounced in female Australian Aborigines, because historical accounts state they threw for defense and hunting. Overhand throwing velocities and kinematics were recorded in 30 female and male Aboriginal A...

CONTEXT Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insufficiency of the elbow can be a debilitating injury that often prevents athletes from competing effectively. The overhead athlete is particularly susceptible to this injury because the anterior bundle of the UCL is the primary restraint to the valgus stress that is created during the throwing motion. Repetitive trauma from constant overhead or throwin...

BACKGROUND Throwing athletes risk medial elbow injury from extreme valgus stress generated across the medial elbow during throwing. Braces have been developed to protect the elbow joint; however, no previous study has investigated the effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with repetitive throwing. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigat...