Cellulose degrading enzymes have important functions in the biotechnology industry, including the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. Anaerobes including Clostridium species organize cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases into large complexes known as cellulosomes. In contrast, aerobic actinobacteria utilize systems comprised of independently acting enzymes, often with carboh...

AIMS This study investigates changes in microbiological and physicochemical parameters during large-scale, thermophilic composting of a single batch of municipal organic waste. The inter-relationships between the microbial biomass and community structure as well as several physicochemical parameters and estimates of maturation were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Analyses of signature fatty ac...

Actinobacteria produce diverse and huge amounts of enzymes that are widely used in different industrial purposes. Specific properties of enzymes allow to run the re‐ actions under milder conditions with improved yield and reduced wastes. Further redesign for natural enzymes is very essential because they are often not suitable for biocatalytic processes. Recently, new microbial natural and crea...

Microorganisms associated with Vitis vinifera (grapevine) can affect its growth, health and grape quality. The aim of this study was to unravel the biodiversity of the bacterial rhizosphere microbiota of grapevine in an integrated pest management vineyard located in Piedmont, Italy. Comparison between the microbial community structure in the bulk and rhizosphere soil (variable: space) were perf...

BACKGROUND Compost habitats sustain a vast ensemble of microbes specializing in the degradation of lignocellulosic plant materials and are thus important both for their roles in the global carbon cycle and as potential sources of biochemical catalysts for advanced biofuels production. Studies have revealed substantial diversity in compost microbiomes, yet how this diversity relates to functions...

A total of 118 actinobacterial isolates were collected from the three types of termite nests (mound, carton, and subterranean nests) to evaluate their potential as a source of bioactive actinobacteria with antimicrobial activity. The highest number (67 isolates) and generic abundance (7 known genera) of actinobacterial isolates were obtained from carton nests. Streptomyces was the dominant genu...

Polyamine patterns of 75 strains of actinobacteria belonging to the genera Agrococcus, Agromyces, Aureobacterium, Brevibacterium, Cluvibacter, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Microbacterium, Rathayibacter, and Tsukamurellu were analyzed in order to investigate the suitability of this approach for differentiation within this group. The results revealed that the overall polyamine contents differ...

The bacterial microbiota from the whole gut of soldier and worker castes of the termite Reticulitermes grassei was isolated and studied. In addition, the 16S rDNA bacterial genes from gut DNA were PCR-amplified using Bacteria-selective primers, and the 16S rDNA amplicons subsequently cloned into Escherichia coli. Sequences of the cloned inserts were then used to determine closest relatives by c...

Background. Biosynthetic potential of Actinobacteria has long been the subject of theoretical estimates. Such an estimate is indeed important as a test of further exploitability of a taxon or group of taxa for new therapeutics. As neither a set of available genomes nor a set of bacterial cultivation methods are static, it makes sense to simplify as much as possible and to improve reproducibilit...

The occurrence of the proteasome in bacteria is limited to the phylum of actinobacteria, where it is maintained in parallel to the usual bacterial compartmentalizing proteases. The role it plays in these organisms is still not fully understood, but in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) the proteasome supports persistence in the host. In complex with the ring-shaped ATPase Mpa (...