The aim of this paper is to discuss the mathematical modeling Brownian active particle systems, a recently popular paradigmatic system for self-propelled particles. We present four microscopic models with different types repulsive interactions between particles and their associated macroscopic models, which are formally obtained using coarse-graining methods. limits integro-differential equatio...

background: oxytocin infusion is used for induction or augmentation of labor to prevent prolonged labor. a cheap and nonaggressive alternative which is effectively used for contraction stress test is nipple stimulation. however research regarding its efficacy and safety is still limited. this study aims to compare the effectiveness of nipple stimulation and oxytocin infusion on the duration of ...