Kai von Fintel & Sabine Iatridou (2003) discussed scopal relations between epistemic modals and other quantificational items and proposed the Epistemic Containment Principle (the EPC) as a constraint that is imposed on Quantifier Raising (QR). They observed that while sentence (1) is ambiguous between two readings depending on the position of the deontic modal must relative to that of the (gene...

This is a continuation of our work [L-Q] on blowup formulae for the S-duality conjecture of Vafa and Witten. In [V-W], Vafa and Witten formulated some mathematical predictions about the Euler characteristics of instanton moduli spaces derived from the S-duality conjecture in physics. From these mathematical predictions, a blowup formula was proposed based upon the work of Yoshioka [Yos]. Roughl...

This paper explores three questions about the semantics of free relatives (FRs). One, do FRs have a uniform meaning? Two, related to one, what is the contribution of ever? And three, perhaps less discussed than the other two, what is the relation between identity and free choice (FC) readings of FRs with ever? It claims that FRs are always definite. Ever introduces a type of modality that is in...

Loosely speaking, “homotopy theory” is a perspective which treats objects as equivalent if they have the same “shape” which, for a category theorist, occurs when there exists a certain class W of morphisms that one would like to invert, but which are not in fact isomorphisms. Model categories provide a setting in which one can do “abstract homotopy theory” in subjects far removed from the origi...

One of the most well-studied phenomena in natural language semantics has long been the question of what readings are possible in various types of sentences with multiple quantifiers. Semanticists have generally been concerned with developing theories to capture the range of possible readings for such sentences. This is what Higgins & Sadock (2003) have dubbed the problem of scope generation. To...

Errors involving universal quantification are common in contexts depicting sets of individuals in partial, one-to-one correspondence. In this article, we explore whether quantifier-spreading errors are more common with distributive quantifiers each and every than with all. In Experiments 1 and 2, 96 children (5to 9-year-olds) viewed pairs of pictures and selected one corresponding to a sentence...

Reliable, rapid and inexpensive detection of cellulolytic enzymes that can be used for a wide variety of biological and environmental samples are currently in high demand. Here, a new cellulase detection protocol is described that circumvents problems observed with popular agar-based methods by exploiting the ability of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to form gel-like surfaces on its own. These pu...

Here, we provide the dataset associated with our research article on the potential effects of ocean acidification on antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity in the gills of Mytilus edulis, "Impact of ocean acidification on antimicrobial activity in gills of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)" [1]. Blue mussels were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides and samples were collected at different time poin...

In this study, we used recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and recurrence plots (RPs) to compare the movement activity of individual workers of three ant species, as well as a gregarious beetle species. RQA and RPs quantify the number and duration of recurrences of a dynamical system, including a detailed quantification of signals that could be stochastic, deterministic, or both. First, we...

The main proposal is that distributive quantification temporarily makes available two discourse referents within its nuclear scope, the values of which are required by sentence-internal uses of same/different to be identical/distinct—much as their deictic uses require the values of two discourse referents to be identical/distinct. The formal account is independently motivated by quantificationa...