The Pennsylvania grotto sculpin is known from just two caves of the Nippenose Valley in central Pennsylvania, USA. They exhibit emergent troglobitic morphological traits and are second northern-most cave adapted fish world. Two mitochondrial ( 16S rRNA D-loop gene) one nuclear S7 ribosomal protein gene intron) both epigean populations were sequenced. For three markers, a large proportion specim...

Background: In spite of the increased range of inactivity and obesity among Iranian adults, insufficient research has been done on environmental factors influencing physical activity. As a result adapting a subjective (self-report) measurement tool for assessment of physical environment in Iran is critical. Accordingly, in this study Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) was adapted...

Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus Rich. Ex DC.) is an underutilized leguminous crop which has been used as a food source across central America and Asia. It adapted to range of environments closely related major crops, offering the potential understand genetic basis environmental adaptation, it may be novel genes alleles for improvement other legumes. Here, we assembled draft genome P. 460 Mbp in si...

Both the excitability of a neuron's membrane, driven by active ion channels, and dendritic morphology contribute to neuronal firing dynamics, but the relative importance and interactions between these features remain poorly understood. Recent modeling studies have shown that different combinations of active conductances can evoke similar firing patterns, but have neglected how morphology might ...

The aphid parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi is the most abundant species of Aphidiinae in cereal fields in northern Europe. Although the larval morphology of other Aphidiinae has been described, the morphology and immature development of A. rhopalosiphi remain unknown. Our goal is to relate growth and larval developmental stages to morphological changes during parasitoid development, using light...

In this paper, firstly, in $E_1^3$, we defined normal Fermi-Walker derivative and applied for the adapted frame. Normal Fermi-Walker parallelism, normal non-rotating frame, and Darboux vector expressions of normal Fermi-Walker derivative by normal Fermi-Walker derivative are given for adapted frame. Being conditions of normal Fermi-Walker derivative and normal non-rotating frame are examined fo...

Adaptation of a rat dentoalveolar complex was illustrated using various imaging modalities. Micro-X-ray computed tomography for 3D modeling, combined with complementary techniques, including image processing, scanning electron microscopy, fluorochrome labeling, conventional histology (H&E, TRAP), and immunohistochemistry (RANKL, OPN) elucidated the dynamic nature of bone, the periodontal ligame...