A completely monolithic high-Q oscillator, fabricated via a combined CMOS plus surface micromachining technology, is described, for which the oscillation frequency is controlled by a polysilicon micromechanical resonator to achieve stability and phase noise performance comparable to those of quartz crystal oscillators. It is shown that the closed-loop, steady-state oscillation amplitude of this...

The quantum oscillator thermodynamic actions are the conjugate intensive parameters for the frequency in any frequency changing process. These oscillator actions fulfill simple Riccati equations. Interesting Darboux transformations of the fundamental Planck and pure vacuum actions are discussed here in some detail. It is shown that the one-parameter “Darboux-Transformed-Thermodynamics” refers t...

APL's entry into research, development, testing, and fabrication of precision time and frequency devices was occasioned by its development of a high-quality, spaceborne oscillator for the Transit navigation satellite program. Later, this effort branched out into atomic frequency standards and other innovative frequency standards such as the super conducting cavity stability oscillator and trapp...

An ultra-low power injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented and demonstrated. Based on a 5-stage single ended ring oscillator, the ILFD achieves a lock range of 56% at a division ratio of 5 in the medical implant communications service (MICS) and the 433MHz ISM frequency bands. The ILFD is implemented in a 90nm CMOS process. It consumes 3 μW of power from a 1.0V supply and 100 μm ...

If an oscillator is driven by a force that switches between two frequencies, the dynamics it exhibits depends on precise manner of switching. Here we take one-dimensional and consider scenarios in which switching occurs: (i) driving forces have different or (ii) as single forcing whose frequency values. The difference subtle, but entirely changes long term behaviour, concerns whether switch can...

In this paper we introduce a simple, computationally inxepentsive, adaptive recursive structure for enhancing bandpass signals highly corrupted by broad-band noise. This adaptive algorithm, enhancing input signals, enables us to estimate the center frequency and the bandwidth of the input signal. In addition, an important feature of the proposed structure is that the conventional bias existing ...

A cesium fountain clock is operated utilizing a microwave oscillator that derives its frequency stability from a stable laser by means of a fiber-laser femtosecond frequency comb. This oscillator is based on the technology developed for optical clocks and replaces the quartz-based microwave oscillator commonly used in fountain clocks. As a result, a significant decrease in the frequency instabi...

We report on tests of a compensated sapphire oscillator (CSO) which shows frequency-stable operation at temperatures above 77 K[1]. The frequency stability for this oscillator shows an apparent flicker floor of 7.5×10 for measuring times between 3 and 10 seconds, and stability better than 2×10 for all measuring times between 1 and 100 seconds. These values are approximately the same as for the ...

We study a parametrically modulated oscillator that has two stable states of vibration at half the modulation frequency omega{F}. Fluctuations of the oscillator lead to interstate switching. A comparatively weak additional field can strongly affect the switching rates because it changes the switching activation energies. The change is linear in the field amplitude. When the additional field fre...