Background: Purinergic receptors can be divided into adenosine (P1) and adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) (P2) receptors, which play crucial roles in regulating vessel tone, arthrosclerosis, myocardial preconditioning and heart function. However, the relationship of plasma nucleotides with coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart function have not been reported. Methods and results: Total 97 patie...

Background—Measurements of Doppler derived coronary flow reserve (CFR) and pressure derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) for coronary stenosis assessment depend on the induction of maximal hyperemia. Adenosine is the most widely used pharmacological agent but is expensive and poorly tolerated by some patients. Methods and Results—The objective of this study was to test the equivalency of adeno...

Escherichia coli recA protein catalyzes a specific proteolytic cleavage of repressors in vitro when it is activated by interaction with a single-stranded polynucleotide and nucleoside triphosphate. The ATP analogue adenosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) satisfies the NTP requirement. We show here that despite its activity in repressor cleavage, ATP gamma S is hydrolyzed at a negligib...

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy currency of the cell, exists in solution mostly as ATP-Mg. Recent experiments suggest that Mg2+ interacts with the highly charged ATP triphosphate group and Li+ can co-bind with the native Mg2+ to form ATP-Mg-Li and modulate the neuronal purine receptor response. However, it is unclear how the negatively charged ATP triphosphate group binds Mg2+ an...

BACKGROUND Measurements of Doppler derived coronary flow reserve (CFR) and pressure derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) for coronary stenosis assessment depend on the induction of maximal hyperemia. Adenosine is the most widely used pharmacological agent but is expensive and poorly tolerated by some patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The objective of this study was to test the equivalency of ade...

Mathematical modeling has been very instrumental in aiding traditional experimental methods in uncovering the mysteries of actin dynamics. Here we review recent quantitative models of actin dynamics focusing on ATP hydrolysis effects, force generation by single actin filaments and networks, self-organization and dynamics of actin networks, dynamics of lamellipodia, filopodia and lamella, and in...

By JAMES G. WHITE AND WILLIAM Knivrr T lIE UTILIZATION of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) by human platelets during clot formation and retraction is important to the functioning of these cells in clotting physiology.’ 2 Recent developments in histochemical and electron microscopic methods have permitted identification of enzymes hydrolyzing ATP at the fine structural level.t We have applied these...

Crystallization of the zebrafish P2X4 receptor in both open and closed states revealed conformational differences in the ectodomain structures, including the dorsal fin and left flipper domains. Here, we focused on the role of these domains in receptor activation, responsiveness to orthosteric ATP analogue agonists, and desensitization. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the R203-L214 (dorsal fin)...

Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), in addition to its intracellular roles, acts as an extracellular signallingmolecule via a rich array of receptors, which have been cloned and characterised. P1 receptors are selective for adenosine, a breakdown product of ATP, produced after degradation by ectonucleotidases. Four subtypes have been identified, A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors. P2 receptors are acti...