Results are presented from an experimental study of shallow flow in a channel partially obstructed by an array of circular cylinders. The cylinder array is a model for emergent vegetation in an open channel, but also represents a simple sparse porous medium. A shear layer with regular vortex structures forms at the edge of the array, evolving downstream to an equilibrium width and vortex size. ...

BACKGROUND Sacral slanting is a frequent unique phenomenon in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and may be important for selecting the distal fusion level. However, the reason of the phenomenon remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sacral slanting and adjacent structures in patients with AIS. METHODS A total of 303 AIS patients w...

A tender neck mass in adults can be a diagnostic challenge due to a wide differential diagnosis, which ranges from reactive lymphadenopathy to malignancy. In this report, we describe a case of a young female with an unusually large and tender reactive lymph node with fat necrosis. The diagnostic imaging findings alone mimicked that of scrofula and malignancy, which prompted a complete workup. A...

A theoretical debate in artificial grammar learning (AGL) regards the learnability of hierarchical structures. Recent studies using an A(n)B(n) grammar draw conflicting conclusions (Bahlmann & Friederici, 2006; De Vries, Monaghan, Knecht, & Zwitserlood, 2008). We argue that 2 conditions crucially affect learning A(n)B(n) structures: sufficient exposure to zero-level-of-embedding (0-LoE) exempla...

the construction of underground tunnel plays a more and more important role in the development of big cities. one of the most important problems caused by the construction of the tunnel is that underground excavation will cause large settlement of the ground and buildings. previous studied showed the difference between numerical and experimental results. in this study the case study of niyayesh...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Develop a novel three-dimensional (3-D) anatomical model to assist in improving spatial knowledge of the skull base, paranasal sinuses, and adjacent structures, and validate the utilization of 3-D reconstruction to augment two-dimensional (2-D) computed tomography (CT) for the training of medical students and otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents. STUDY DESIGN P...

OBJECTIVE To study anatomical structures related to Meckel cave with endonasal endoscopic approach and to provide an anatomical basis for endoscopic surgery in Meckel cave. METHODS Meckel cave of 5 adult skulls (10 sides) were fixed with 10% formalin. The anatomical structures of Meckel cave and the related zones adjacent to Meckel cave were observed and measured with endoscopic endonasal app...

1 TNFα Mechanically Sensitizes Masseter Muscle Nociceptors by 2 Increasing Prostaglandin E2 Levels. 3 4 5 Akhlaq W. Hakim, Xudong Dong, Brian E. Cairns 6 7 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, 8 V6T 1Z3, Canada 9 10 11 12 13 14 Running title: TNFα-induced nociceptor sensitization 15 16 17 18 19 20 Correspondence should be addressed...

A numerical treatment of a hemivariatinal inequality problem arising in dynamic structural mechanics is presented. This problem concerns the elastoplastic-fracturing unilateral contact between neighbouring civil engineering structures during earthquakes. By using concepts of the non-convex analysis, the problem formulation has as governing conditions a set of equations and inequalities, which i...

Cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are born carrying localized transmembrane landmark proteins that guide the subsequent establishment of a polarity axis and hence polarized growth to form a bud in the next cell cycle. In haploid cells, the relevant landmark proteins are concentrated at the site of the preceding cell division, to which they recruit Cdc24, the guanine nucleotide...