muslim philosophers have since their long history encountered lots of severe surges of doubts and oppositions, so they did their best to remove them all through deep investigation which brought about the progress of islamic philosophy both in quantity and quality. muslim philosophers were sometimes challenged by such questions as, determinism, the temporal creation of the world, the otherness o...

Internet Denial-of-Service Considerations Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document provides an overview of possible avenues for denial-of-service (DoS) attack on Internet systems. The aim is to encourage protocol designers and network enginee...