From the Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 10N262, Bethesda, MD 20892, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Chrousos. C ELSUS described four of the five cardinal signs of inflammation 2000 years ago, and Eustachio discovered the adrenal glands almost 500 years ago, but not until...

We report here on a 64-year-old woman with extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the bilateral adrenal glands. Primary adrenal extramedullary plasmacytoma is extremely rare and only three cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the unilateral adrenal gland have currently been reported on. This case is of interest in that the bilateral adrenals were involved. In this article, we present the MRI ...

A 75-year-old female visited our hospital with bilateral adrenal masses that were detected incidentally during lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of radiating flank pain. Consecutive computed tomography and MRI revealed bilateral adrenal masses with no evidence of lymph node enlargement or local invasion; 2[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomogr...

Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare, benign and biochemically inactive tumor comprising mature fat and hematopoietic elements. Most of these lesions are discovered incidentally. The vast majority occurs within the adrenal glands, but extra-adrenal myelolipomas have also been reported. The typical extra-adrenal myelolipoma is a solitary, well-defined mass with in abdomen. We present a 70 ...

The purpose of this review is to explore the world literature on the avian adrenal medulla from the last 20 years. Unlike the mammalian adrenal medulla, the adrenal gland in birds has chromaffin cells mixed with cortical cells. Studies have investigated the ultrastructure (both transmission and scanning electron microscopy), biochemistry, and physiology (particularly interactions with other end...

Lymphocytic adrenal medullitis characterized by inflammation and atrophy in the medulla of the bilateral adrenal glands was observed in an 18-month-old male laboratory beagle dog. It might be that the present lymphocytic adrenal medullitis is an autoimmune-mediated disease as the histological characteristics are consistent with an autoimmune pathogenesis. However, the actual cause remains uncle...

Rabbit antiserums directed against a purified protein obtained from the catecholamine storage vesicles of the adrenal medulla of the cow were used to study the mechanism of secretion from the adrenal medulla. During secretion evoked by acetylcholine in isolated perfused adrenal glands, catecholamines and the specific intravesicular protein were released in relative amounts comparable to those p...

Compared to the frequent occurrence of metastatic tumors of the adrenal glands in autopsy reports, it is rare in clinic.1 Adrenal gland metastases hemorrhages are exceedingly rare in clinic and difficult to diagnose by non-specific symptoms.1e3 To our knowledge, the number of the case reports in spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage secondary to metastatic lung carcinoma is only 28 by the end of 2014....

The adrenal gland is the most commonly involved endocrine organ in autopsy studies of patients who die of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Welch 1984). The most common finding at autopsy is the presence of intranuclear or intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in enlarged adrenal cells, indicative of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) adrenalitis (Eledrisi & Verghese 2001). Despite the frequent involve...

Adrenal Insufficiency (AI) is defined as deficient production or action of glucocorticoids resulting from either a structural damage of adrenal glands, namely ‘‘primary adrenal insufficiency’’, or an impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis or ‘‘secondary adrenal disease’’ [1]. Primary AI is rare in general population, with an annual incidence of approximately 6/million adults/year and pre...