How can we provide interfaces to synthesis algorithms that will allow us to manipulate timbre directly, using the same timbre-words that are used by human musicians to communicate about timbre? This paper describes ongoing work that uses machine learning methods (principally genetic algorithms and neural networks) to learn (1) to recognise timbral characteristics of sound and (2) to adjust timb...

Negation is an indispensable grammatical category common to all languages in the world. It used a unique way by each language. In Chinese, negation expressed using negative adverbs, most of which are ‘bù’ and ‘méi. The usage these adverbs Chinese different from that French, so difference challenge for Yaoundé’s secondary-school students. To effectively analyse use ‘méi’ Yaoundé students, this a...

This article presents the concept of School Dictionary Slovenian Language (ŠSSJ), which is being made as part project Spletni portal Franček, Jezikovna svetovalnica za učitelje slovenščine in Šolski slovar slovenskega jezika (Franček Web Portal, Counselling for Teachers and Language). The Language, a Franček portal, first specialized educational lexicographic-grammatic Slovenian, brings lexicog...

Modifiers in general, and adverbs in particular, are neglected categories in linguistics, and consequently, their treatment in Natural Language Processing poses problems. In this article, we present the dictionary information for German adverbs which is necessary to deal with word order, degree modifier scope and other problems in NLP. We also give evidence for the claim that a classification a...

Formal semantics has so far mostly focused on three categories of quantifiers (Q)—to wit, Qdeterminers (e.g. every), Q-adverbs (e.g. always), and Q-auxiliaries (e.g. would). All three form constructions that can be analyzed in terms of tripartite logical forms (LFs), consisting of a quantifier, the restriction, and the nuclear scope. This view has been implemented, with varying details, by most...

This paper is about some peculiarities of temporal deixis (indicated in French by temporal adverbs like maintenant, aujourd’hui, hier, demain, etc.) in narratives, that is, either in sentences which clearly are narrative, because of the presence of the passé simple tense in French, or in sentences which express the subjectivity of a third person point of view through represented speech or thoug...

The present study investigated the extent to which accent sensitivity provides the foundation for lexical knowledge and listening comprehension for Japanese university students learning English as a foreign language (EFL). On an English accent correctness (i.e., YES/NO response) decision task, 63 participants showed considerably high accuracy and speed in identifying correctly-accented nouns (8...