Aerodynamic drag is an important contributor to vehicle energy consumption, especially in highway conditions. Hence, estimating on-line the aerodynamic drag, or equivalently its coefficient, interesting challenge order reduce consumption of vehicles. However, real systems are characterized by noisy sensor measurements. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) a commonly used algorithm for parameter estimat...

This paper deals with developing an efficient Robust Design Optimization (RDO) framework. The goal is to obtain an aerodynamic shape that is less sensitive to small random geometry perturbations and to uncertain operational conditions. The initial shape is the RAE2822 airfoil which is parameterized with 10 design variables. The robust design formulation used is based on an expectation measure. ...

This work presents a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of drag reduction system (DRS) used in Formula Student competition vehicle, focusing on the interaction between triple wing elements, as well electrical actuators to provide movement upper two flaps. The S1123 profile was chosen, and 2D made. trailing edge rounded off conform safety rules, resulting around 4% decrease lift coeffici...

In this study, efficient global optimization (EGO) with a multi-fidelity hybrid surrogate model for multi-objective optimization is proposed to solve multi-objective real-world design problems. In the proposed approach, a design exploration is carried out assisted by surrogate models, which are constructed by adding a local deviation estimated by the kriging method and a global model approximat...

A specific feature of three-dimensional bluff body wakes, flow bistability, is a subject of particular recent interest. This feature consists of a random flipping of the wake between two asymmetric configurations and is believed to contribute to the pressure drag of many bluff bodies. In this study we apply the modelling approach recently suggested for axisymmetric bodies by Rigas et al. (J. Fl...

Global tradeoffs for aerodynamic design of Supersonic Transport (SST) have been investigated by Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs). The objectives are to reduce both drag and sonic boom to make next-generation SST more feasible. Adaptive Range MultiObjective Genetic Algorithms (ARMOGAs) are utilised for the efficient search. The trade-offs are analysed by Self-Organising Map (SOM),...