Running against this principle are Cartesian foundationalist views which contend that, with the exception of core foundational beliefs, the mere fact that a person starts out believing something gives it no privileged position regarding immunity from dismissal, and that only a justification built on foundational beliefs warrants continued belief. Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson (AGM) carrie...

The pervasive use of social media has generated unprecedented amounts of social data. Social media provides easily an accessible platform for users to share information. Mining social media has its potential to extract actionable patterns that can be beneficial for business, users, and consumers. Social media data are vast, noisy, unstructured, and dynamic in nature, and thus novel challenges a...

In this survey, we review fundamental properties of coalgebras and their representation theory. Following J.A. Green we present the block theory of coalgebras using indecomposable injectives comodules. Using the cohom and cotensor functors we state Takeuchi-Morita equivalence and use it to sketch the proof of existence of “basic” coalgebras, due to the author and S. Montgomery. This leads to a ...

Change your habit to hang or waste the time to only chat with your friends. It is done by your everyday, don't you feel bored? Now, we will show you the new habit that, actually it's a very old habit to do that can make your life more qualified. When feeling bored of always chatting with your friends all free time, you can find the book enPDF a brief introduction to continuous evolutionary opti...

I give a brief introduction to Luttinger liquids. Luttinger liquids are paramagnetic one-dimensional metals without Landau quasi-particle excitations. The elementary excitations are collective charge and spin modes, leading to charge-spin separation. Correlation functions exhibit power-law behavior. All physical properties can be calculated, e.g. by bosonization, and depend on three parameters ...

History and Background The Distributed Cognition (dcog) approach was developed by Ed Hutchins ad his colleagues at University California, San Diego in the mid to late 80s as a radically new paradigm for rethinking all domains of cognitive phenomena. The traditional view of cognition is that it is a localised phenomenon that is best explained in terms of information processing at the level of th...

In these notes we give a brief introduction to Kolmogorov complexity. The notes are based on the two talks given at KAM Spring School, Borová Lada, 2006.

In this short text we rst introduce dynamical zeta functions and transfer operators, illustrating and motivating these notions with a simple one-dimensional dynamical system. Then we present a commented list of useful references.

1. Introdu tion Many di erent topi s in mathemati s, ranging from applied subje ts su h as optimization to pure areas su h as arrangements of hyperplanes, naturally lead to matroids. The approa h we will explore is matroid theory as an abstra tion of aÆne and proje tive geometry. Therefore the rst several se tions will survey some elementary, although perhaps unfamiliar, aspe ts of geometry. We...

Multiple spin systems allow for the presence of quantum coherence and spin-spin coupling interactions. Traditionally, density operator formalism is used to describe these systems; however, the use of this formalism often clouds intuition making it a cumbersome tool. Here we introduce a third formalism constructed from the density operator formalism with a direct connection to a non-classical in...