Aim. To gain an insight into the effect of HCV replication-associated interference with the IFN system on hepatic mRNA expression involved in IFN production. Methods. Relative mRNA expression of TLR3/RIG-I signaling genes involved in IFN- β production was correlated with positive- and negative-strand HCV RNAs in pretreatment liver tissues responsive and nonresponsive to peginterferon and ribavi...

Biodiesel is one of the most promising alternative diesel fuels. As diesel emission regulations have become more stringent, the diesel particulate filter (DPF) has become an essential part of the aftertreatment system. Knowledge of kinetics of exhaust particle oxidation for alternative diesel fuels is useful in estimating the change in regeneration behavior of a DPF with such fuels. This study ...

The management of mechanical complications which may accompany ileostomy has been well described (Warren and McKittrick, 1951; Lahey, 1951, i95oa, I95ob; Hardy et al., 1949; Cave, I946; Cave and Nickel, I940). Information is not readily available about the management of the fluid and electrolyte exchange in patients with recent ileostomies. The various aspects of electrolyte exchange in such ca...

On-board diagnostic (OBD) systems monitor the performance of engine and aftertreatment components including those responsible for controlling emissions.1 Historically, OBD systems were first deployed in light duty vehicles (LDVs), in 1991 the United States and 10 years later in Europe. Those first OBD systems were very basic and had very little standardization, meaning that each manufacturer ad...

Emissions of marine traffic can be lowered by switching to less polluting fuels or investing in exhaust aftertreatment. Electrostatic precipitation is a widely used method for particle removal but it not currently combination with engines. This study presents the filtration characteristics an emission reduction system designed applications and consisting scrubber Wet Precipitator (WESP) series....

We model cost-effectiveness of control strategies for reducing SO2 emissions from U.S. foreign commerce ships traveling in existing European or hypothetical U.S. West Coast SO(x) Emission Control Areas (SECAs) under international maritime regulations. Variation among marginal costs of control for individual ships choosing between fuel-switching and aftertreatment reveals cost-saving potential o...

vital decisions made at the strategic level in an organization are not only intricate but also costly to alter. it is therefore important to find a comprehensive approach to deal with such a possibility. one of the major problems of a common balanced scorecard (bsc)-based model in strategic management is lack of a ranking system for strategic objectives in order to enable prioritization of the ...

labor pain is a cause of stress and suffering; for which many women seek methods to relieve this pain. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation techniques on pain relief during labor. this study was carried out on 62 pregnant women referred to fatemieh hospital (hamadan, iran) during their labor. they were selected using convenience sampling and were divided randomly in t...