In the recent years, agricultural soils have received more chemicals in various forms for higher yields. This may result in the accumulation of metals in soils which subsequently may be transferred into the agricultural crops. In the present investigation, nickel content of 58 composite soil samples and also agricultural crops, is studied. Ni in samples of soil and agricultural products were ex...

The Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC Guidelines) provide default national guideline values for a wide range of indicators of relevance to the protection of the ecological condition of natural waters. However, the ANZECC Guidelines also place a strong emphasis on the need to develop more locally relevant guidelines. Using a structured framework, th...

Microbial symbionts play important roles in food digestion and absorption, immunity, pathogens resistance, and health maintaining of their hosts by co-evolution. To provide new sources for discovering new leader compounds of drugs, the diversity and bioactivities of cultivable actinobacteria from animal feces have been studied. 31 species of animal fecal samples were collected from Yunnan Wild ...

A wide variety of agricultural chemicals with potential to affect amphibian health are released into the environment daily. Most of these chemicals are xenobiotic compounds that are highly toxic to embryos, tadpoles, and terrestrial stages. Other substances that occur in pristine environments at harmless concentrations, such as inorganic nitrogenous compounds, may reach potentially toxic levels...

Herbicides have made a large contribution to reducing the workload of crop production. While herbicides with various modes of action are currently used, sulfonylurea herbicides, which were developed starting in the 1970s, are in widespread use worldwide, and they hold the central position in weed control in Japan as paddy rice herbicides. However, as is the fate of agricultural chemicals that a...

ORGANOHALOGEN COMPOUNDS – Volume 66 (2004) 217 Introduction Toxaphene is a broad-spectrum insecticide, was one of the most heavily used agricultural chemicals on a global scale, especially against pests in cotton field and vegetable farms. Basically, commercial production of toxaphene involves the reaction of camphene, chlorine activated by ultraviolet radiation and certain catalysts to yield c...

We examined whether early gestational exposures to pesticides were associated with an increased risk of anencephaly, spina bifida, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP), or cleft palate only. We used population-based data along with detailed information from maternal interviews. Exposure estimates were based on residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications during early pre...

The prospect of using wastewater containing high loads of soluble organic matter (OM) for removing residual agricultural chemicals (fertilizer, pesticide, or herbicide) in farm soil, although promising, could have adverse effects on soil agricultural quality as a result of development of redoximorphic features in the soil profile. In this study, the effect of organic carbon supplement for biore...

In life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) models, the sorption of the ionic fraction of dissociating organic chemicals is not adequately modeled because conventional non-polar partitioning models are applied. Therefore, high uncertainties are expected when modeling the mobility, as well as the bioavailability for uptake by exposed biota and degradation, of dissociating organic chemicals. Alternati...