Current digital currency schemes provide instantaneous exchange on precise commodity, in which ”precise” means a buyer can possibly verify the function of the commodity without error. However, imprecise commodities, e.g. statistical data, with error existing are abundant in digital world. Existing digital currency schemes do not offer a mechanism to help the buyer for payment decision on precis...

In this paper, we seek to produce forecasts of commodity price movements that can systematically improve on naïve statistical benchmarks. We revisit how well changes in commodity currencies perform as potential efficient predictors of commodity prices, a view emphasized in the recent literature. In addition, we consider different types of factor-augmented models that use information from a larg...

Without contracting or repetition, purely self-regarding agents will not trade. To what extent can social preferences, such as altruism or a concern for fairness, generate efficient bilateral exchange? I analyze a simple exchange game: A purely self-regarding first mover transfers some amount of a commodity to a second mover. Then the second mover, who has social preferences defined over materi...

Introduction The pattern of agrifood trade between North America and Europe can be described generally as an exchange of commodities for products (dell'Aquila, Sarker, and Meilke, 1999). A commodity is a good with homogeneous characteristics, such as "Hard Red Winter Wheat" or "Number 2 Yellow Corn." A product has distinctive characteristics which vary across processors and/or the geographic so...