Vinegar is the product obtained exclusively through biotechnological processes such as double fermentation, alcoholic and acetic fermentation of liquids or other substances of agricultural origin. There are various types of vinegars obtained from various sources such as wine fruit and berry, cider, alcohol, grain, malt, beer and honey. Vinegar is used as a food additive and also it acts as effe...

The latter two principles protect the soil resource on which all food and fibre production ultimately depends. However, agricultural production systems differ from ‘natural’ or undeveloped systems in that they can be considered to be ‘leaky’ with respect to nutrients. This is inevitable, due to nutrient removal in harvested product, but inappropriate fertiliser management can exacerbate the ‘le...

Rankings for output of Chinese main agricultural commodity in the world for 1978, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2006, 2007 and 2008 have been released in United Nations FAO Database. Unfortunately, where the ranking of output of Chinese cotton lint in the world for 2008 was missed. This paper uses sequential data mining methods with decision rules filling this gap. This new data mining method will be help ...

Addition of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to agricultural irrigation water can dramatically reduce erosion of soils. However, the toxicity of PAM to aquatic life, while often claimed to be low, has not been thoroughly evaluated. Five PAM formulations, including two oil-based products, one water-based product, one granular product and one tablet product, were evaluated for acute and/or chronic to...

National agricultural statistical information is a product of cooperative agreements and collaboration across agencies at the state and federal levels. This allows for sharing of responsibilities for data gathering, aggregating and disseminating information, and providing services. The agencies involved in cooperative arrangements to accomplish these tasks include: US Department of Agriculture ...

This article reviews literature on competitiveness of agricultural product and input markets. Although researchers in the United States and Europe emphasize different stages of the agricultural and food marketing system, their focus is similar: extent of buyer power, although both have largely ignored the sector supplying inputs to agriculture. The key conclusion is that there is little robust ...

With the rapid development of Internet, agricultural products have entered e-commerce platforms, and product reviews become an important reference for consumers when purchasing products. However, due to characteristics different lengths, rich context-sensitive information, multi-level information in sentences reviews, existing sentiment analysis methods cannot perform well enough identify tende...