tions that affect human health, garden plants, or crops. Studies done in the early 1990s on pesticide residues at composting facilities which accept yard trimmings showed that although many commonly used pesticides are occasionally found on yard trimmings entering the facilities, very low or undetectable levels are present in commercially produced composts. Two exceptions are DDT metabolites an...

A modified method for the simultaneous determination of 33 organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural crops was presented. After extraction of samples with acetonitrile, the pesticides are transfered into 20% dichloromethane in benzene, cleaned up by charcoal column chromatography, and then determined simultaneously by the gas liquid chromatography with a flame photometric detector using the c...

The study was conducted to investigate the pesticide residues in unhusked and husked rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Basmati-385 and Irri-6 varieties in major rice growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The concentration of four pesticides was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). In all the 400 samples, four pesticides, i.e., Karate, Malathion, Novacran and Padan wer...

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using a sample of 218 farmworkers in 24 communities and labor camps in eastern Washington State, we examined the association between agricultural crop and OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in urine samples of adult farmworkers and their children and OP pesticide residue...

The present study aimed to assess the environmental fate of the insecticide and nematicide ethoprophos in the soil-water interface following the pesticide application in simulated maize and potato crops under Mediterranean agricultural conditions, particularly of irrigation. Focus was given to the soil-water transfer pathways (leaching and runoff), to the pesticide transport in soil between pes...

There may be substantial differences in the chemical composition of technical-grade products of the same active ingredient manufactured under different conditions, from different raw materials, or by different routes of synthesis. Resulting differences in impurity content may significantly affect the toxicological properties of pesticide products. Relevant impurities are those that may exhibit ...

According to the state institute for chemical and veterinary analysis of food, “Conventionally grown wine grapes are one of the crops most extensively treated with pesticides” (CVUA Stuttgart). The use of different fungicides and insecticides is commonplace in vineyards across the world to improve crop yields. Maximum residue levels (MRLs) have been established for grapes in many areas in the w...

Bees are essential pollinators of many plants in natural ecosystems and agricultural crops alike. In recent years the decline and disappearance of bee species in the wild and the collapse of honey bee colonies have concerned ecologists and apiculturalists, who search for causes and solutions to this problem. Whilst biological factors such as viral diseases, mite and parasite infections are undo...

Most analyses of pesticide residues in foods are being performed in Raw Agricultural Commodities (RAC) for a variety of purposes, which include regulatory monitoring, import/export certification, risk assessment, field-application trials, organic food verification, and marketing to consumers. The levels of the positive detections in these analyses are generally being estimated on the basis of e...

Honey bees provide critical pollination services for many agricultural crops. While the contribution of pesticides to current hive loss rates is debated, remarkably little is known regarding the magnitude of risk to bees and mechanisms of exposure during pollination. Here, we show that pesticide risk in recently accumulated beebread was above regulatory agency levels of concern for acute or chr...