Motivated behaviors, including sodium (Na) appetite, are correlated with increased dopamine (DA) transmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). DA transporter (DAT) modulation affects DA transmission and may play a role in motivated behaviors. In vivo Na depletion, which reliably induces Na appetite, was correlated with robust decreases in DA uptake via the DAT in the rat NAc with rotating disk e...

3 Daniel Simão, Catarina Pinto, Paulo Fernandes, Christopher J. Peddie, Stefania 4 Piersanti, Lucy M. Collinson, Sara Salinas, Isabella Saggio, Giampietro 5 Schiavo, Eric J. Kremer, Catarina Brito, Paula M. Alves 6 7 iBET Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 8 Oeiras, Portugal 9 Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da 1...

" Human beings are all interlocked with plants, animals, soils and waters, in one humming community of cooperation and competition: one biota. They are related and bound into a seemless fabric " (Aldo Leopold, 1949).

Previous studies have reported an exaggerated natriuresis in hypertensive man; however, a systematic appraisal of this response in various forms of hypertension has not been made. We measured fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) during a four hour intravenous infusion of 2 liters normal saline in 162 normal subjects and 120 hypertensives. Of these, 13 had primary aldosteronism (ALDO), 19 high ...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D receptor activators reduce albuminuria, and may improve survival in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Animal studies suggest that these pleiotropic effects of vitamin D may be mediated by suppression of renin. However, randomized trials in humans have yet to establish this relationship. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover study, the effect of...

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome with origins rooted in a salt-avid state largely mediated by effector hormones of the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Other participating neurohormones include catecholamines, endothelin-1, and arginine vasopressin. CHF is accompanied by a systemic illness of uncertain causality. Features include the appearance of oxidative...