Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and devastating illness that occurs in the context of sepsis and other systemic inflammatory disorders. In systemic illnesses like sepsis, only a subset of patients develops ALI even when pathologic stimuli are apparently equivalent, suggesting that there are genetic features that may influence its onset. Considerable obstacles in defining the exact nature of...

INTRODUCTION Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) remains an unsolved problem in intensive care medicine. As simvastatin exerts protective effects in inflammatory diseases we explored its effects on development of ALI and due to the importance of neutrophils in ALI also on neutrophil effector functions. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to aerosolized LPS (500 µg/ml) for 30 min. The count of ...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with high mortality and uncontrolled inflammation plays a critical role in ALI. TREM-1 is an amplifier of inflammatory response, and is involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. NLRP3 inflammasome is a member of NLRs family that contributes to ALI. However, the effect of TREM-1 on NLRP3 inflammasome and ALI is still unknown. This study aimed...

Decreased circulating protein C and increased circulating thrombomodulin are markers of the prothrombotic, antifibrinolytic state associated with poor outcomes in sepsis but have not been measured in patients with ALI (acute lung injury)/ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). We measured circulating and intra-alveolar protein C and thrombomodulin in 45 patients with ALI/ARDS from septic an...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes greatly to morbidity and mortality in critically ill adults and children. Patients with AKI who subsequently develop lung injury are known to suffer worse outcomes compared with patients with lung injury alone. Isolated experimental kidney ischemia alters distal lung water balance and capillary permeability, but the effects of such an aberration on subseque...

Acute renal failure (ARF) remains a major clinical challenge, especially in the intensive care setting. Mortality of ARF combined with acute lung injury (ALI) is even higher and may reach 80%. Recent studies have suggested a remote effect of ARF on pulmonary homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent ARF clinically affects pulmonary function, in particular oxygenation. For e...

Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been found to be able to reduce inflammatory response. However, it is still unclear whether EGFR inhibition can prevent ALI. This study aimed to validate the EGFR's role in ALI and i...

ALI/ARDS (acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome) is a severe inflammatory lung disease associated with very high mortality. Importantly, no effective therapy has been developed to date for ALI/ARDS. Neutrophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, and IL-8 (interleukin-8) has been identified as the main chemotactic factor for neutrophils in lung fluids of patien...

INTRODUCTION Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIVENT) is a partial support mode that employs pressure-controlled, time-cycled ventilation set at two levels of continuous positive airway pressure with unrestricted spontaneous breathing. BIVENT can modulate inspiratory effort by modifying the frequency of controlled breaths. Nevertheless, the optimal amount of inspiratory effort to improve resp...

This report explores the efficacy of existing therapies for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), primarily in terms of clinically important outcomes such as the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital mortality. Of the 15 therapies reviewed, the strongest evidence suggests that ALI/ARDS should be managed with a low-tidal-volume, pressure-limited approa...