Several studies have indicated that PAPSS2 (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 2) activity is important to normal skeletal development. Mouse PAPSS2 is predominantly expressed during the formation of the skeleton and cartilaginous elements of the mouse embryo and in newborn mice. However, the role and mechanism of PAPSS2 in bone formation remains largely unidentified. By analyzing...

Reduction of phytate is a major goal of plant breeding programs to improve the nutritional quality of crops. Remarkably, except for the storage organs of crops such as barley, maize and soybean, we know little of the stereoisomeric composition of inositol phosphates in plant tissues. To investigate the metabolic origins of higher inositol phosphates in photosynthetic tissues, we have radiolabel...

Introduction: Dried violet–blue petals of Echium amoenum Fisch. and C.A. Mey. (Boraginaceae) have long been used as a tonic, tranquillizer, diaphoretic and as a remedy for coughing, sore throat and common cold. These dried violet–blue petals are known in traditional medicine of Iran as Gol-e- Gavzaban. Because the decoction of its dry petals has hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, in the prese...

Introduction: Dried violet–blue petals of Echium amoenum Fisch. and C.A. Mey. (Boraginaceae) have long been used as a tonic, tranquillizer, diaphoretic and as a remedy for coughing, sore throat and common cold. These dried violet–blue petals are known in traditional medicine of Iran as Gol-e- Gavzaban. Because the decoction of its dry petals has hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, in the prese...

the present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of the methanol extract of eupatorium ayapana (meea) (family- asteraceae) leaves in wistar albino rats. the different groups of animals were administered with carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) at 72 h interval.  the meea at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg and silymarin 25 mg/kg were administered to the ccl4 treated rats....

background: embryonic stem cells (esc) are pluripotent cells which have been used as a model to study the mechanism that control the embryogenesis and early mammalian development in vitro. the aim of this study was to isolate and produce embryonic stem cells from late blastocyst stage embryos in mice. materials and methods: blastocyst stage embryos from pregnant nmri mice were obtained and cult...

osteopenia of prematurity (oop) is a preventable disease. improved survival of premature newborns is associated with an increased incidence of oop. the purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic effects of two low doses of vitamin d (200 and 400 iu/day) on the clinical, biochemical and radiological indices of the rickets of prematurity. in a randomized clinical trial, 60 preterm newb...

objective(s) the use of co-culture cells as well as extra cellular matrix are among those strategies that have been employed to direct mesenchymal stem cell (msc) bone differentiation in culture. in this regard, there is no study considering the effects of matrigel on mesenchymal stem cell (msc) in vitro bone differentiation. this was the subject of the present study. materials and methods huma...