Conventional simulation and control methods for sliding mode control systems are limited by the available sampling bandwidth and allowable tracking error. Consequently, these methods suuer from harmful chattering. This paper presents an adaptive method for the discrete-time simulation and control of sliding mode control systems, based on an analysis on the relationship between tracking error an...

While there are numerous methods for estimating the fundamental frequency (F0) of speech, existing methods often suffer from pitch doubling or halving errors. Heuristics can be added to constrain the range of allowable F0 values, but it is still difficult to appropriately set the algorithm parameters if one does not know in advance the speaker’s age or gender. The proposed method is distinct fr...

A wet-chemistry biochemical analyzer was assessed for in-practice veterinary use. Its small size may mean a cost-effective method for low-throughput in-house biochemical analyses for first-opinion practice. The objectives of our study were to determine imprecision, total observed error, and acceptability of the analyzer for measurement of common canine and feline serum analytes, and to compare ...

In this paper a method for simulating from complex objects is reviewed; namely, an electromagnetic fields scattered unstructured finite element code that does not use traditional mesh partitioning algorithms. The complete software package is implemented on the Cray T3D massively parallel processor using both Cray Adaptive FURTRAN (CRAFT) compiler constructs to simplify portions of the code that...

The majority of existing analyses on synchronization errors consider only partial synchronization error factors. In contrast, this work simultaneously analyzes joint effects of major synchronization errors, including the symbol time offset (STO), carrier frequency offset (CFO), and sampling clock frequency offset (SCFO) of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in doubly-sele...

Presented in this paper is an empirical model for long-term rain attenuation prediction and statistical prediction of site diversity gain on a slant path. Rain attenuation prediction on a slant path is derived using data collected from tropical regions, and the formula proposed is based on Gaussian distribution. The proposed rain attenuation model shows a considerable reduction in prediction er...

Recognition rate of characters in the handwritten is still a big challenge for the research because of a shape variation, scale and format in a given handwritten character. A more complicated handwritten character recognition system needs a better feature extraction technique that deal with such variation of hand writing. In other hand, to obtain efficient and accurate recognition rely on off-l...

We investigate the sensitivity of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms to the joint distortion effects of various coexisting non-idealities in the implementation of transceiver radio frequency (RF) electronics, combined also with time variations of the multipath radio channel. We report closed-form performance analysis for a general OFDM mobile radio link, which includes ...

The continuous increase in the number of new chemical substances introduced into industry, or arising in the course of production, forces us to search for faster methods of establishing the maximum allowable concentrations (M.A.C.'s). It is obvious that the M.A.C. can only be one that does not have any harmful effects on the human organism in the course of full-time work of long duration. It is...

The authors investigated different sulfolane concentrations in surface water and also performed the field study. The results showed that the practical threshold value of sulfolane affecting the organoleptic property (order) of water amounted to 10.6 mg/L. The sulfolane concentration did not inhibit the process of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The chronic threshold and no-effect doses for sul...