Otrosina, W. J., Chase. T. E.. and Cobb, F. W., Jr. 1992. Allozyme differentiation of intersterility groups of Hererobasidion isolated from conifers in the western United States. Phytopathology 82:540-545. Allozyme analysis was conducted on 64 isolates from basidiocarps of Heterobusidion unnosum. The isolates belonged lo the “S” and “P” intersterility groups and were collected from live conifer...

The genetic structure of natural populations of marine organisms is frequently inferred from the distribution of alleles at gene loci. Until recently, most investigations relied entirely on protein electrophoretic techniques, with particular emphasis on polymorphic enzyme-coding gene loci (allozyme loci). Over the past few years, increasing use has been made of molecular techniques, including m...

Allozyme and PCR-based molecular markers have been widely used to investigate genetic diversity and population genetic structure in autotetraploid species. However, an empirical but inaccurate approach was often used to infer marker genotype from the pattern and intensity of gel bands. Obviously, this introduces serious errors in prediction of the marker genotypes and severely biases the data a...

moving in line with the postulation that metadiscourse (md) markers help transform a dry and tortuous piece of text into a coherent and reader-friendly one, the researchers in the current study attempted to investigate the effect different metadiscourse markers might have on iranian efl learners’ perception of written texts. to this end, 120 undergraduate english students were given three diffe...

metadiscourse is a widely used term in current discourse analysis and language education, referring to an interesting, and relatively new approach to conceptualizing interaction between text producers and their texts and between text producers and users. despite the growing importance of the term, however, it is often understood in different ways and used to refer to different aspects of langua...

The repeated occurrence of habitat-specific polyphyletic evolved ecotypes throughout the ranges of widely distributed species implies that multiple, independent and parallel selection events have taken place. Ecological transitions across altitudinal gradients over short geographical distances are often associated with variation in habitat-related fitness, these patterns suggest the action of s...