within the framework of the international human rights law, the right to work is the fundamental right of everyone to have permanent access to work, able to meet his/her welfare requirements. rural communities are entitled to this right akin to urban communities. as a matter of fact, not enough attention has been paid to the members of rural communities’ right to work. the supply of transgenic ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the current level of activity of Australian local governments in twenty-nine food and nutrition action areas and whether the level of activity had changed between 1995 and 2007. DESIGN A cross-sectional study utilising a postal survey was undertaken of all local governments in Australia. The same instrument and protocol were used in 1995 and 2007. SETTING Australian l...

We relax the standard assumption in the strategic trade policy literature that governments possess complete information about the economy. Assuming instead that governments must obtain information from firms, we examine firms’ incentive to disclose information to the governments in the Brander-Spencer setting. With quantity competition, we find firms disclosing both demand and cost information,...

— This study is the first attempt to examine the determinants of expenditure decentralization at sub-provincial levels in China. The Chinese central government gives detailed guidelines to local governments on public finance, but, ironically, their expenditure assignment is far from being well-regulated. Differences in fiscal decentralization on the expenditure side are enormous among local gov...

No one would dispute that measures to reduce smoking are one of the most effective public health initiatives that any community can deliver. Nor would they dispute that increases in the retail price of tobacco products are one of the most successful means of reducing tobacco consumption. In Canada, successive tax increases in the early 1990s drove down tobacco consumption before a concerted tob...

Governments are increasingly adopting behavioral science techniques for changing individual behavior in pursuit of policy objectives. The types of "nudge" interventions that governments are now adopting alter people's decisions without coercion or significant changes to economic incentives. We calculated ratios of impact to cost for nudge interventions and for traditional policy tools, such as ...

We develop a theory of the emergence of minority and majority governments in multiparty parliamentary systems using a canonical non-cooperative bargaining model and assuming a policy space of arbitrary finite dimension, any number of political parties, and a general class of preferences over the government agreement space. Only majority governments form in the absence of significant political d...

E-Government has been recognized as a powerful tool to help all types of economies – developed,developing and transition – to bring the benefits of the emerging global information society to the largest possible part of their respective populations. The E-Government Handbook for Developing Countries, published by November 2002 by the World Bank infoDev program, is a first attempt to bring toget...

In the present study, steps of direct procurement processes and related construction works are described, information is given about effects BIM on general process management, cost-based analysis capabilities explained. The integration these performed using a demo program, visuals shared, comparative results presented regarding what could be achieved if in question were to applied with traditio...