PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was recently introduced as an overarching term covering different phenotypes of chronic allograft dysfunction, including obstructive CLAD (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome), restrictive CLAD (restrictive allograft syndrome) and graft dysfunction due to causes not related to chronic rejection. In the present review, we will highlight t...

Because of the promising corrosion resistance and load-bearing capacity, titanium-clad (TC) bimetallic steel has gained increasing attention in ocean/coastal civil structural engineering. Due to double-layer nature TC steel, characteristics member’s geometry weld details are considerably different from that conventional members. Even though previous studies have conducted systematical clarifica...

The development of high temperature aluminum alloys able to operate up to 400 oC is crucial to replace steel and titanium and decrease the mass of vehicles in the automotive and aerospace industries. This review relates the past two decades of aluminum alloy engineering done at Northwestern University focusing on developing coherent L12 Al3M nanoprecipitates strengthened aluminum alloys that ar...

BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) with small-airway pathology and obstructive pulmonary physiology may not be the only form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation. Characteristics of a form of CLAD consisting of restrictive functional changes involving peripheral lung pathology were investigated. METHODS Patients who received bilateral lung tr...

OBJECTIVES Living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) has been established as a life-saving procedure for critically ill patients who cannot wait for cadaveric lung transplantation. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the main cause of late morbidity and mortality in lung transplantation. Studies on CLAD in cadaveric lung transplantation have been extensively reported, but few rep...