SEVERAL FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. First, the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease contain lesions that are typically associated with exposure to free radicals. In addition, oxidative stress in brains of Alzheimer patients is indicated by elevated cerebral levels of endogenous antioxidants that scavenge free r...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Progressive changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus ceruleus of patients with Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease visualized by neuromelanin MRI and cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerve function on (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy have not been fully evaluated. We compared the diagnostic value of these modalities among patients with earl...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dilated perivascular spaces have been shown to be a specific biomarker of cerebral small-vessel disease in young patients with dementia. Our aim was to examine the discriminative power of dilated cerebral perivascular spaces as biomarkers of small-vessel disease in a very elderly population of patients with dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied healthy volunteers (...

A short history of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia is presented. The socio-medical events that led to the dominance of Alzheimer disease are discussed. Alzheimer's contributions to our current understanding of vascular dementia are reviewed.

Differential diagnosis between Lewy body disease and Alzheimer´s disease might be difficult because of similarities of clinical symptoms in both neurodegenerative diseases. DatSCAN is a modern functional neuroimmaging method which differentiates between this similar diseases and helps in correct treatment strategy. We report our positive experience with DatSCAN in differentiating Lewy body dise...

Three sets of research criteria are available for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: the International Working Group-1, International Working Group-2, and National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer Association criteria. We compared the prevalence and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage according to these criteria. Subjects...

BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate perfusion computed tomography (PCT) findings in patients with Alzheimer disease and to compare them with those of patients without dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS PCT was performed in 35 patients: 20 with Alzheimer disease (mean age, 69.7 ± 5.5 years) and 15 control subjects (mean age, 67.5 ± 3.5 years). Control subjects were elderly indivi...

Apolipoprotein E is immunochemically localized to the senile plaques, vascular amyloid, and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer disease. In vitro, apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid binds to synthetic beta A4 peptide (the primary constituent of the senile plaque) with high avidity. Amino acids 12-28 of the beta A4 peptide are required. The gene for apolipoprotein E is located on chromosom...

Development of molecular imaging agents for fibrillar β-amyloid positron-emission tomography during the past decade has brought molecular imaging of Alzheimer disease pathology into the spotlight. Large cohort studies with longitudinal follow-up in cognitively normal individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease indicate that β-amyloid deposition can be detected ...

Clinical and basic evidence suggests that both large artery and small vessel disease contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, one form of dementia. Although the study of the cause of Alzheimer disease began with a vascular emphasis, the field shifted to a focus on neuronal changes in response to local amyloid β peptides (Aβ), subsequent Tau pathology, and their ultimate effects on c...