BACKGROUND There is a high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among National Football League (NFL) athletes; however, the incidence of reinjury in this population is unknown. PURPOSE This retrospective epidemiological study analyzed all publicly disclosed ACL tears occurring in NFL players between 2010 and 2013 to characterize injury trends and determine the incidence of r...

BACKGROUND The neurofilament is a major structural component of myelinated axons. Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the light chain of the neurofilament protein (NFL) can serve as a sensitive indicator of central nervous system (CNS) injury. To assess whether interrupting antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection might have a deleterious effect on the CNS, we measured NFL le...

OBJECTIVE To perform a cross-sectional study to determine whether plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentration is elevated in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and if it correlates with disease severity. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 75 patients with CMT and 67 age-matched healthy controls over a 1-year period. Disease severity was measured using the Rasch mo...

Comment. In this population-based cohort of children diagnosed as having periocular infantile hemangioma during a 40-year period, amblyopia with or without strabismus occurred in approximately 1 in 5 children. To our knowledge, this study is the first population-based report on periocular infantile hemangiomas in the United States. The rate of amblyopia of 19% in this population is significantl...

Amblyopia is a neuro-developmental disorder of the visual cortex that arises from abnormal visual experience early in life. Amblyopia is clinically important because it is a major cause of vision loss in infants and young children. Amblyopia is also of basic interest because it reflects the neural impairment that occurs when normal visual development is disrupted. Amblyopia provides an ideal mo...

Editorials Anisometropia and amblyopia-chicken or egg? Amblyopia continues to attract tremendous interest from basic scientists and clinicians, yet surprisingly large gaps in our understanding of this topic remain. One of these is highlighted by Abrahamsson and Sj6strand who describe in this issue of the B7O (p 860) a meticulous follow up of 20 children to the age of 10 who at 1 year of age had...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors for unilateral amblyopia and for bilateral amblyopia in the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) study. DESIGN Multicenter, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Three- to 5-year-old Head Start preschoolers from 5 clinical centers, overrepresenting children with vision disorders. METHODS All children underwent comprehensive eye examinations, including threshold vi...

AIM To present and evaluate a new screening protocol for amblyopia in preschool children. METHODS Zagreb Amblyopia Preschool Screening (ZAPS) study protocol performed screening for amblyopia by near and distance visual acuity (VA) testing of 15 648 children aged 48-54 months attending kindergartens in the City of Zagreb County between September 2011 and June 2014 using Lea Symbols in lines te...

If amblyopia is defined as reduced visual acuity in an eye which appears normal on examination, then it is necessary to distinguish between several related, similar, or different conditions that fit this definition. Six years ago I proposed a classification of amblyopia in which the various factors leading to its development were enumerated in the light of our clinical knowledge at that time (v...

Background: Amblyopia is a reduction in visual acuity that often involves reduction in visual skills such as ocular motility and accommodation. Various treatment modalities for amblyopia include spectacle correction, patching, atropine, and optometric vision therapy (OVT). Clinically, OVT often reduces the severity of amblyopia. There is also considerable anecdotal evidence that improvement in ...