Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) that causes right ventricular (RV) failure and premature death. This hypertensive condition leads to precapillary pulmonary hypertension, defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) 25 mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 15 mmHg, and PVR > 3 Wood units at rest. The...

OBJECTIVES Few studies have focused on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The optimal treatment for CTD-PAH has yet to be established. DESIGN Meta-analysis of the data from evaluations of treatment for PAH generally (19 studies) and CTD-PAH specifically (nine studies) to compare the effects of pulmonary vasodilative PAH agents. MEDLINE, EM...

Endothelin receptor antagonists have been associated with fluid retention. It has been suggested that, of the two endothelin receptor subtypes, ET B receptors should not be blocked, because of their involvement in natriuresis and diuresis. Surprisingly, clinical data suggest that ET A-selective antagonists pose a greater risk of fluid overload than dual antagonists. The purpose of this study wa...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during acute high altitude exposure contribute to cerebral vascular leak and development of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of greater than 90% of antioxidant genes, but prophylactic treatment with Nrf2 activators has not yet been tested as an AMS ...

Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is the most severe form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with congenital heart disease. It is an extremely devastating condition with a serious impact on patients' life. Classical therapy of ES remains directed to avoid complications, such as erythrocytosis, treatment of congestive heart failure, prevention of infection, and secondary haematological ...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with high mortality. Major advances had been made in the treatment of this condition during the last decade. AIM To characterize the clinical evolution and mortality of a cohort of Chilean patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen patients with PAH diagnosed in the last 10 years in two Chilean hospitals were enrolled. Me...