Plants mainly utilize inorganic forms of nitrogen (N), such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). However, the composition of the N source is important, because excess of NH4+ promotes morphological disorders. Plants cultured on NH4+ as the sole N source exhibit serious growth inhibition, commonly referred to as "ammonium toxicity syndrome." NH4+-mediated suppression of growth may be attributa...

Four anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) were operated during a period of 988 days to evaluate the effect of temperature, ammonia, and their interconnectivity on the methane yield of anaerobic processes for animal waste treatment. During period 1 (day 0-378), the methane yield was 0.31 L CH(4)/g volatile solids (VS) for all digesters (with no statistical differences among them) at a tem...

Zonal geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum) from seed and african marigolds (Tagetes erecta), which are known to be highly susceptible to Fe toxicity problems, were grown with I, 2, 4, or 6 mM Fe from ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate, FeEDTA, FeDTPA, FeEDDHA, ferric glucoheptonate, or ferrous ammonium sulfate in the subirrigation solution. FeEDTA and FeDTPA were highly toxic to both species, even at...

Currently, several green propellants are under investigation to replace the toxic and carcinogenic monopropellant hydrazine . Beside alternatives as ammonium dinitramide-based propellants, hydroxylammonium nitrate-based mixtures, or high concentrated hydrogen peroxide, mixtures of fuels with nitrous oxide called HyNOx NOFBX represent promising propellants. Compared classical , offer a higher pe...