This manuscript aims to evaluate the precision and accuracy of current methodology for estimating xylem phenology and tracheid production in trees. Through a simple approach, sampling at two positions on the stem of co-dominant black spruce trees in two sites of the boreal forest of Quebec, we were able to quantify variability among sites, between trees and within a tree for different variables...

Perceptual impairments in schizophreniawere described as long ago as 1903, when Kraepelin (1903) reported that patients demonstrated incomplete perception of briefly exposed objects on a laboratory task. Despite this early beginning, and despite the fact that the visual system is the most heavily researched area of cognitive neuroscience, there have been far fewer studies of vision in schizophr...

Neurocognitive and emotional regulatory deficits in substance users are often attributed to misuse; however most studies do not include a substance-naïve baseline to justify that conclusion. The etiological literature suggests that pre-existing deficits may contribute to the onset and escalation of use that are then exacerbated by subsequent use. To address this, there is burgeoning interest in...

The proper design of RTO systems’ structure and critical diagnosis tools is neglected in commercial RTO software and poorly discussed in the literature. In a previous article, Quelhas et al. (Can J Chem Eng., 2013, 91, 652–668) have reviewed the concepts behind the two-step RTO approach and discussed the vulnerabilities of intuitive, experience-based RTO design choices. This work evaluates and ...