Cascode CMOS op-amps use a large number of external bias voltages. This results in numerous drawbacks, namely, an area and power overhead, susceptiblity of the bias lines to noise and cross-talk and high sensitivity of the bias point to process variations. In this paper we present a self-biasing technique for folded cascode CMOS op-amps that uses no additional devices and no baas voltages other...

The emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic microbial strains has created an urgent need for new anti-infective molecule development. In order to avoid the spread of bacterial resistance, there is pressing demand to design a novel class of antibiotics having different mechanism of action in comparison to existing drugs. Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a novel class of molecules w...

There is a world-wide quest for development of new-generation antibiotics, due to the emergence of microbial pathogens that have developed resistance to the currently available antibiotics. The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a strong candidate in this regard, due to minimal possibilities of emergence of resistance against these. The tryptophan (Trp)-rich peptides comprise an important class ...

Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are cationic molecules with a high content of basic amino acids. They often undergo C-terminal amidation that may be related to their antimicrobial activity. Here we describe a mass spectromety (MS)-based approach for identifying novel AMPs. MS is used to profile peptides secreted by endocrine cells. Peptide sequences characteristic of AMPs are selected to tes...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of neutrophils play an important role in the animal and human host defenses. We have isolated two AMPs (average molecular masses of 2895.5 and 2739.3 Da), with potent antimicrobial activity from neutrophils of the domestic goat (Capra hircus). A structural analysis of the obtained peptides revealed that they encompass N-terminal fragments (1-21 and 1-22) of the pro...

Modification of teichoic acid through the incorporation of d-alanine confers resistance in Gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This process involves the products of the dltXABCD genes. These genes are widespread in Gram-positive bacteria, and they are also found in a few Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, these genes are present in all soft-rot enterobacteria (Pectobacterium ...

We developed a method for expression in Arabidopsis of a transgene encoding a cleavable chimeric polyprotein. The polyprotein precursor consists of a leader peptide and two different antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), DmAMP1 originating from Dahlia merckii seeds and RsAFP2 originating from Raphanus sativus seeds, which are linked by an intervening sequence ("linker peptide") originating from a natu...

This paper presents the design of high gain and low power fully differential Operational Transconductance Amplifier(OTA). Both the main conventional OTA and the boosting amplifiers are fully differential folded cascode.To increase the open-loop gain of the main OTA two auxiliary operational amplifiers(op-amps) are used . These auxiliary op-amps are fully differential folded cascode op-amps with...

The demand for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is rising because of the increased occurrence of pathogens that are tolerant or resistant to conventional antibiotics. Since naturally occurring AMPs could serve as templates for the development of new anti-infectious agents to which pathogens are not resistant, a resource that contains relevant information on AMP is of great interest. To that extent...

Over the last decade, the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has become a global concern, which has prompted the search for alternative antibacterial agents for use in food animals. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced by bacteria, insects, amphibians and mammals, as well as by chemical synthesis, are possible candidates for the design of new antimicrobial agents because of the...