A ganglion cell's receptive field is defined as that region on the retinal surface in which a light stimulus will produce a response. While neighboring ganglion cells may respond to the same stimulus in a region where their receptive fields overlap, it generally has been assumed that each cell makes an independent decision about whether to fire. Recent recordings from cat and salamander retina ...

The spontaneous rhythmic beating of the heart of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, has its origin in a cardiac ganglion located on the external dorsal surface of the heart (Carlson, 1904; 1909). The heart in Limulus is a long tubular structure divided into nine unequal segments by eight pairs of ostia. The cardiac ganglion is a cord-like structure extending almost the entire length of the...

Glaucoma is a result of increased intraocular pressure leading to damage to retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve axons. The aim of this study was to evaluate HIF-1 expression in optic nerve axons and retinal ganglion cells in 42 eyes enucleated because of complete glaucoma compared to eyes removed because of injury.The immunohistochemical reaction was done and specimens were examined under a ...

This study investigated the presence of the neurotensin-related hexapeptide, LANT-6, in retinal ganglion cells and their central projections in the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. Immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that many of the cells in the ganglion cell layer of the turtle retina could be labeled with an antiserum specific for LANT-6. Radioimmunoassay and chromatographic analysis...

During retinogenesis, the Xenopus basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Xath5 has been shown to promote a ganglion cell fate. In the developing mouse and chicken retinas, gene targeting and overexpression studies have demonstrated critical roles for the Brn3 POU domain transcription factor genes in the promotion of ganglion cell differentiation. However, the genetic relationship between A...

Retinal ganglion cells adapt to changes in visual contrast by adjusting their response kinetics and sensitivity. While much work has focused on the time scales of these adaptation processes, less is known about the spatial scale of contrast adaptation. For example, do small, localized contrast changes affect a cell's signal processing across its entire receptive field? Previous investigations h...

PURPOSE Retinal ganglion cells comprise a percentage of the neurons actually residing in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the rodent retina. This estimate is useful to extrapolate ganglion cell loss in models of optic nerve disease, but the values reported in the literature are highly variable depending on the methods used to obtain them. METHODS We tested three retrograde labeling methods an...

The morphogenetic development of the vestibular ganglion cells, nerve fibers and otic vesicle in the chick embryos from 3.5-day-old chick embryos until one day after birth of the chick of White Leghorns was investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and lectin's HRP methods. The results were as follows: 1. On the 3.5-day-old chick embryos, the facial-acoustic ganglion mas...

Elevated intraocular pressure may lead to retinal ganglion cell injury and consequent visual deficits. Chronic intraocular pressure increase is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a leading blinding disease, and permanent visual deficits can also occur following acute pressure increments due to trauma, acute glaucoma or refractive surgery. How pressure affects retinal neurons is not firmly establ...

OBJECTIVE To identify the expression of netrin-1, a diffusible chemoattractive molecule, and its receptor, deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), in the developmentally mature inner ear, and to determine its effects on axon length and guidance in cultured auditory neurons. DESIGN Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of netrin-1 and DCC were identified in the organ of Corti and spiral g...