Background RFIDs have almost become ubiquitous such that one can find RFID readers installed in almost any location. These RFIDs follow a well-established protocol, Fig. 1, that is built on the fact that the RFID tags perform very simple processing that require very little power. Thus, the RFID tags do not have to perform any complex storage of energy and it is assumed it can perform all of the...

While the success of boosting or voting methods has been evident from experimental data [11], questions about why boosting does not overfit on training data remain. One idea about the effectiveness of boosting was given by Schapire et al. in which they presented an explanation of why the test error of a boosting classifier does not increase with its size by looking at margins. They showed that ...

Our goal is this paper was to clarify what commercial component models provide to support component-based systems. One of the key motivations was the evident confusion about what a component is, even within a single component model. In this paper we first make a distinction between the functionality of a component model and the mechanisms it uses to support that functionality. We define three k...

We study the implications of fiscal policy behavior for sovereign risk in a framework that develops a country’s fiscal limit, the point at which for economic or political reasons taxes and spending can no longer adjust to stabilize debt. A real business cycle model maps the economic environment—expected fiscal policy, the distribution of exogenous disturbances, and private agents’ behavior—into...

I. Overview Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is a rapidly evolving imaging technique. It is the current standard for breast MR imaging; also many research studies have been conducted to evaluate its application for various clinical problems. The development of gadolinium-based contrast agents in early 1980 opened a new era for imaging of tumors and vascular systems. Tumors require a high...

This study investigated a relatively unexamined query type, queries composed of URLs. The extent, variation, and user click-through behavior was examined to determine the intent behind URL queries. The study made use of a search log from which URL queries were identified and selected for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. It was found that URL queries accounted for ∼17% of the sample. ...