Superior thyroid artery (STA) is first and lowest branch of external carotid (ECA) it supplies thyroid, parathyroid, upper larynx neck region. The STA origins either from ECA, common (CCA) or its bifurcation level. Various researchers have reported differences in origin. commencing the ECA comparatively more Indian Ethiopian but derivation CCA point Turkey Korean. Origin relative to border cart...

single rooted primary mandibular first molar is a rare developmental anomaly. literatures reveal that failure of invagination of hertwig's epithelial root sheath leads to this unusual root form. thorough knowledge of root canal morphology and anatomical variations of primary teeth can help a pediatric dentist in successful root canal treatment. hereby, we describe two cases of primary mandibula...