Archaeal viruses are some of the most enigmatic viruses known, due to the small number that have been characterized to date. The number of known archaeal viruses lags behind known bacteriophages by over an order of magnitude. Despite this, the high levels of genetic and morphological diversity that archaeal viruses display has attracted researchers for over 45 years. Extreme natural environment...

With the rapid development of the petroleum industry, a large number of oil contaminants leaked into the soil in the petrochemical complex areas, gas stations, automobile factory and other places, which resulted in serious soil contamination. Micro-Biological degradation of oil pollution was the focus of the present study. Many hydrocarbon-contaminated environments were characterized by low or ...

Two methods of grid based and image based modeling were put forward respectively to represent the landform of watersheds on the Loess Plateau, China. Many kinds of spatial data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Remote Sensing (RS) images, and photos are utilized to establish the digital 3-D terrains of watersheds on the Loess Plateau, which provides 3-D virtual geographic environments for ...

BACKGROUND Ligninolytic peroxidases are divided into three families: manganese peroxidases (MnPs), lignin peroxidases (LiPs), and versatile peroxidases (VPs). The latter two are able to degrade intact lignins, as shown using nonphenolic lignin model compounds, with VP oxidizing the widest range of recalcitrant substrates. One of the main limiting issues for the use of these two enzymes in ligno...

Viruses populate virtually every ecosystem on the planet, including the extreme acidic, thermal, and saline environments where archaeal organisms can dominate. For example, recent studies have identified crenarchaeal viruses in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park and other high temperature environments worldwide. These viruses are often morphologically and genetically unique, with geno...

Membrane filtration technology has attracted extensive attention in academia and industry due to its advantages of eco-friendliness related environmental protection high efficiency. Polyamide thin-film composite nanofiltration (PA TFC NF) membranes have been widely used their separation performance. Non-acid-resistant PA NF face tremendous challenges an acidic environment. Novel relatively acid...

The iron-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an example of strictly chemolitotrophic extremophile occurring in acidic environments. The prime niche of these microorganisms is an environment with low pH and high concentrations of iron, sulfide minerals or sulfur. Besides these environments, A. ferrooxidans is also isolated from heavy metal contaminated environments such as soil ...