We show that, for a class of critical strings in R × S 1-target space, the description of string theory given by its field content (analog model) breaks down when the radius of S 1 decreases below R 0 = √ α ′ , the self-dual point of the partition function Z(R). We find that Z(R) has a soft singularity at R 0 (a finite jump in the first derivative of Z).

– In recent years there has been a growing interest in the statistical properties of surfaces growing under deposition of material. Yet it is clear that a theory describing the evolution of a surface should at the same time describe the properties of the bulk buried underneath. Clearly, the structure of the bulk is relevant for many practical purposes, such as the transport of electric current ...

budding is a good method of propagation in the persian walnut (juglans regia l.)., however, success of budding is low due to higher root pressure as well as the presence of phenolic compounds in the xylem sap. this study was conducted to compare various budding methods and cut below budding :union: on two and three-year-old persian walnut under field conditions. the experiment was conducted bas...

The success of the long posterior flap in obtaining sound healing at below-knee level is widely recognised in patients with ischaemic disease, and since this method was introduced in 1967 by Burgess and Romano, the number of patients with healing below-knee amputations in ischaemic disease has dramatically increased, and with improved methods of level selection this proportion may increase furt...