The rainy season of north-Northeastern Brazil (NE), one of the tropical regions with the largest rainfall interannual variability, is associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) influence, which is located in the southermost position during this season (March-April-May). However, there is a large interannual variability in the ITCZ position, associated with atmospheric and oceanic...

Evaporation is a key parameter in the regional atmospheric water cycle. Precipitation recycling is defined as the contribution of water that evaporates from a region to precipitation within the same region. We apply a dynamic precipitation recycling model, which includes a dynamic moisture storage term, to calculate the warm season variability of the precipitation recycling over central Europe ...

This paper presents a new methodology of combined use of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and the approach of successive elimination of alternatives based on order and degree of efficiency (SEABODE) in identifying the most preferred multireservoir water supply rules in dry years. First, the suggested operation rules consists of a two-point type time-varying hedging policy...

Seeds of carrot, groundnut, lettuce, oilseed rape and onion were stored hermetically in laminated aluminium foil packets in four environments (dry or ultra-dry moisture contents combined factorially with temperatures of 20°C or -20°C), replicated at several sites. After ten years’ hermetic storage, seed moisture content, equilibrium relative humidity, viability (assessed by ability to germinate...

technique of remote sensing and its satellite products has many implementations in agricultural science and national resources. in this study, wheat yield in esfahan province, iran, were derived from modis satellite data over periods of 2000-2001(dry year) and 2004-2005 (wet year). for this purposes, 68 modis products of surface reflectance (mod09ga) and land surface temperature lst (mod11a2) o...

Light-use efficiency (LUE) is the ability of vegetated canopies to use light for photosynthesis. Together with remote sensing estimates of canopy cover and meteorological inputs, LUE provides a physical basis for scaling carbon uptake processes from the stand to the global scale. A better understanding of the factors that control LUE will result in improved global estimates of carbon uptake fro...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases. The near-infrared nadir spectra of reflected solar radiation measured by SCIAMACHY on-board ENVISAT contain information on the vertical columns of these gases which we retrieve using a new version of the scientific algorithm WFM-DOAS (version 1.0). Our main data products are column-averaged dry air...

BACKGROUND Dry eye is a multifactorial, symptomatic disease associated with ocular surface inflammation and tear film hyperosmolarity. This study was designed to assess patterns of topical cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Restasis®) use in dry eye patients and determine if there were any differences in use based on whether dry eye is physician-coded as a primary or nonprimary diagnosis. ...

introduction: tympanoplasty is the standard and well established procedure for closure of tympanic membrane perforations .this paper compares the results of tympanoplasty in terms of hearing improvement and graft incorporation in patients with chronic perforation of the tympanic membrane between two groups with and without active drainage at the time of surgery.  materials and methods: sixty re...

Intensification of the global hydrological cycle, ranging from larger individual precipitation events to more extreme multiyear droughts, has the potential to cause widespread alterations in ecosystem structure and function. With evidence that the incidence of extreme precipitation years (defined statistically from historical precipitation records) is increasing, there is a clear need to identi...