I estimate how unexpected increases in the costs of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), a marketbased policy, affected U.S. oil refinery prices, markups, marginal costs, and production decisions. The results highlight the risks of failing to account for imperfect competition, multi-product firms, or both when creating policies. First, increases in the costs of the RFS were more than fully passed...

The relationship between gasoline prices and the demand for vehicle fuel efficiency is important for environmental policy but poorly understood in the academic literature. We provide empirical evidence that automobile manufacturers price as if consumers respond to gasoline prices. We derive a reduced-form regression equation from theoretical micro-foundations and estimate the equation with near...

In this research, gasoline vapours including Benzene, Toluene, Xylene (BTX) and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) emitted from vent pipes of underground storage tanks (USTs) were measured at six gas stations in Tehran. Thereafter, gas station No. 29 was selected as a pilot station and equipped with a vapour control system. The vapours were measured during the summer of 2013 and winter of...

Biomaterials are low cost,easily transportable and biodegradable with time.Few exampls are cellulose,chitoson and gelatin. Here we used cellulose as a base material for designing box type sensor using Comsol Tool for the detection of bio-analytes such as engine oil,ethnal,gasoline and mercury.Results shown that differential deflection and resonant frequency as found among tested analytes.Highes...

Gasoline-powered vehicles produce many negative externalities including congestion, air pollution, global climate change, and accidents. A gasoline tax is perhaps the best policy to jointly address these externalities. This paper calculates the optimal gasoline tax for China. Using a model developed by Parry and Small [1] [2], we calculate the optimal adjusted Pigovian tax in China to be $1.58/...

Air pollution caused by traffic transportation, fuel combustions and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition of gasoline, has progressed to be a serious health problem in Bangkok, Thailand, especially among occupational workers as gasoline station workers (Land transportation department, 2000; Muttamara and Leong, 2000). Exposure to gasoline vapors is classified by the International Agenc...

I won’t say much about point (1.) at this stage, we will talk more about it on the day we discuss the results of the problem set. I might only say that the US is rather unusual in having quite low taxes on gasoline and therefore has quite low gasoline prices and relatively high per-capita gasoline demand. See the chart reproduced from the Economist. We have several basic formulations of the the...

In this research, gasoline vapours including Benzene, Toluene, Xylene (BTX) and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) emitted from vent pipes of underground storage tanks (USTs) were measured at six gas stations in Tehran. Thereafter, gas station No. 29 was selected as a pilot station and equipped with a vapour control system. The vapours were measured during the summer of 2013 and winter of...