Knowledge of soil hydraulic parameters for the van Genuchten function is important to characterize soil water movement for watershed management. Accurate and rapid prediction of soil water flow in heterogeneous gravel soil has become a hot topic in recent years. However, it is difficult to precisely estimate hydraulic parameters in a heterogeneous soil with rock fragments. In this study, the HY...

Three different methods to analyse fine sediment deposits on a gravel bar using pictures are presented in this paper. A manual digitization and deposits zone delineation are performed as well as two different automated procedures. The three methods are applied on aerial pictures taken in 2006 by a drone from a height around 150 m above the study site. Two other sets of pictures taken in 2010 ar...

We incubated pink salmon embryos under three exposure conditions, direct contact with oil-coated gravel, effluent from oil-coated gravel, and direct contact with gravel coated with very weathered oil (VWO). Embryo mortalities and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in embryo tissues during the direct-contact and effluent exposure experiments were not significantly different, ind...

Understanding ecological processes is a prerequisite for the management of rangelands; therefore, recognition of the relationship between environmental factors and vegetation is very important. The present research aims to investigate environmental and management factors affecting rangeland vegetation distribution in Saral rangelands of Kurdistan province, Iran, in 2017. Sampling was done...

Abstract The presence of gravel in soils modifies the porosity, pore connectivity and size distribution soil matrix as well matrix-gravel interfaces. aim present study is to investigate effect relative volume samples with mass fractions 5,10, 20 wt% varying bulk densities (1.3, 1.45, 1.55, 1.60, 1.65 g cm –3 ) on (i) total field capacity, plant available water holding (ii) (iii) thermal capacit...

[1] A new data set of bimodal subaqueous channel bed sediments was analyzed for longitudinal patterns in grain size. It yielded two interesting observations: (1) separate fining trends in d50 exist for gravel and fines that overlap for 175 river kilometers, and (2) this overlap in fining trends results in a protracted (nonabrupt) gravel to sand transition. These suggest bed patchiness that is i...

The inorganic (5 ppm PO4-P and 50ppm NO3-N) and organic (30Ml day 1 milk whey) nutrients were examined on degradation of Methyl Red (MR) at different hydraulic retention time under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in two different bioreactors; one having only gravel soli matrix while the other having 75% gravel and 25 % coarse river sand solid matrix. The physico-chemical properties of the bio...

Stereo-video scuba transects were conducted during daylight hours from June to September 2013 within a proposed marine protected area (MPA) in the Firth of Clyde, west of Scotland. More juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua of fork length (LF ) range 6-11 cm were observed in substrata containing mixed gravel, including maerl, than in boulder-cobble substrata with high algal cover, or sand with low...

Median grain sizes on riverbeds range from boulders in uplands to silt in lowlands; however, rivers with ~1–5mm diameter bed sediment are rare. This grain size gap also marks an abrupt transition between graveland sand-bedded reaches that is unlike any other part of the fluvial network. Abrupt gravel-sand transitions have been attributed to rapid breakdown or rapid transport of fine gravel, or ...

The growth of the aquaculture industry has been associated with negative environmental impacts through the discharge of raw effluents into the adjacent receiving water bodies. Macrophytes from natural saline lakes, which have adaptability to the high salinity, can be suitable for saline effluent treatment. Eight emergent species from natural saline area were planted in an experimental gravel be...