Tobacco use has serious harmful effects on nearly every system in the body and by 2030-accounting for approximately 8 million deaths per year-it is expected to be the single biggest cause of death worldwide (World Health Organization, 2009) and especially in developing countries (Philip et al., 2013). In Iran, there are an estimated 10 million smokers and the death rate for smoking is now estim...

Context The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reached its peak in 1994 and is expected to decrease significantly over the next few years. However, HCV-related cirrhosis continues to increase. Razavi et al predicted that decompensated cirrhosis will reach its peak in 2019. This translates into increased healthcare costs secondary to complications of cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis due to ...

Sina Ebrahimi, Alireza Ghoreifi, Behnam Shakiba, Arash Azaripour, Hamid Deldadeh, Amir Reza Elahian, Mazaher Hadi, Parvin Emadi, Hamed Rajaee, Mehdi Dehghani, Lily Nosraty. Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Urology Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I...

The results of the study indicate need to improve framework and infrastructure waste management in province development laws detailed monitoring systems implement findings scientific practical experiences other countries achieve economic, social environmental goals.

BACKGROUND Neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle, while limited information is presently available on the seroprevalence of Neospora antibodies in horses' worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine serologic prevalence of Neospora infection in horses in Iran. METHODS Sera from 150 horses from Mashhad ...

Women’s participation is a significant development priority in tourism, especially rural tourism. Despite their critical role women face different constraints and limitations that prevent them from fully participating local tourist activities. This study explores the most influential factors on women’s using qualitative methods of inquiry (semi-structured interviews observations) to collect dat...

abstract during growing seasons of years 2006 & 2007, a faunistic survey on syrphidae family(diptera) in agroecosystems of neyshabor region, khorasan-e-razavi province was carried out. in this study, 3 collection methods: yellow water trap, malaise trap and sweeping net were applied. the results showed a large difference between different collection methods. specimens of 14 species collected by...

abstract due to low spatial resolution or simplifying of some micrometeorological phenomena, atmospheric general circulation models are not able to give a good estimation for weather conditions over study area. so their outputs should downscale into weather stations scales. in this research data of hadcm3 downscaled by using lars-wg5 with three scenarios, confirmed by ipcc including a1b, a2 and...